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Atomic orbitals can be combined, in a process called hybridization, to describe the bonding in polyatomic molecules. Descriptions of the bonding in CH4 can be used to illustrate the valence
The bonding in ionic molecules can be described with a coulombic attractive term.For some diatomic molecules we take quite a different approach from that used in preceding sections to describe the bon
Ideal mixing properties can be recognized in the formation of an ideal gas mixture from ideal gases. Consider the formation of a mixture of gases i.e. a gaseous solution, from two mixtures of pure ga
The free energy of a component of a liquid solution is equal to its free energy in the equilibrium vapour.Partial molal free energies let us deal with the free energy of the components of a solution.
A mechanism for enzyme-catalyzed reactions that leads to the typical rate equation for these reactions can be described.A variety of rate equations are required to portray the rates of enzymes catalyz
An example illustrates the type of mechanism that can be written to explain the development of flash photolysis reactions. Often, as the reactions in the ozone layer of the earth's atmosphere, we are
Many enzyme catalyzed reactions obeys a complex rate equation that can be written as the total quantity of enzyme and the whole amount of substrate in the reaction system. Many rate equations that ar
The integrated forms of the first order rate equations are conveniently used to compare concentration time results with this rate equation. Rate equations show the dependence of the rate of the react
The quantum mechanical methods, illustrated previously by the Schrödinger equation, are extended by the use of operators. Or, with h for h/(2∏), as For each of the s
The total angular momentum of an atom includes an electron spin component as well as an orbital component.The orbital motion of each electron of an atom contributes to the angular momentum of the atom
A pressure composition diagram for a liquid vapor system can be used to show the composition of the liquid and equilibrium vapor.Vapor equilibrium data are useful in the study of distillations. It is
The vapor pressure of small liquid drops depends on the drop size. Although the surface properties of a liquid are different from those of the bulk liquid, the special surface properties can be ignor
In some two component, solid liquid systems, a solid compound forms.In systems in which the components have an interaction for such other, a solid state compound of the two compounds of the two compon
(a) Use the NW corner rule to find an initial BFS, then solve using the transportation simplex method. Indicate your optimal objective function value. (b) Suppose we increase s1 from 15 to 16
Write an Idea for programming project to simulate a network attack or threat mechanism or a defense mechanism. Encipher message by using a keyword; Decipher message by using a keyword. Here is an d
Commercial law coursework assignment help Answer each question separately (i.e. not as one continuous essay) You are reminded that you will be assessed on your ability to organize and present informa
The occurrence of different phases of a one component system can be shown on a pressure temperature. The phases present in a one line system at various temperatures can be conveniently presented on a
The relation between the number of phases, components and the degrees of freedom is known as the phase rule. One constituent systems: the identification of an area on a P-versus-T with one phase of a
The surface between a liquid and a vapour distinguishes these fluids. The surface tension of liquids can be looked upon as that the property which draws a liquid together and forms a liquid vapour in
In some two component, solid liquid systems, a eutectic mixture forms.Consider, now a two component system at some fixed pressure, where the temperature range treated is such as to include formation o
Separation by distillation can be described with a boiling point diagram. The important process of distillation can now be investigated. From the boiling point diagram one can see that if a small
The pressure-temperature relation for solid-vapor or liquid vapor equilibrium is expressed by the Clausis-Clapeyron equation.We now obtain an expression for the pressure-temperature dependence of the
The first method begins with a well defined layer, or boundary, of solution near the center of rotation and tracks the movement of this layer to the outside of the cell as a function of time. Such a m
The electric charge acquired by macromolecules affects the equilibrium set up across a semipermeable membrane.Laboratory studies of macromolecule solutions as in osmotic pressure and dialysis studies
When the diffusion process is treated as the movement of particles through a solvent the diffusion coefficient can be related to the effective size of diffusing particles and the viscosity of the medi