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Voice mail is strictly speaking, is a form of E-mail only. Here, a message, instead of being communicated in a written form, is sent in the voice of the caller. Like e-mail, it is very easy to use and
This type of communication may, at the first thought, appear to be identical with oral communication. However, it is possible to visualize certain situation on which the two get distinguished. Telepho
This type of communication combines the auditory and the visual, that is, while people are observing something on the television or cinema screen, they are also hearing narrative or descriptive remark
They fall under visual communication, they are useful for the following purposes: I. In factories where most of the workers are illiterate, posters are used to educate them in performing their job e
This is a combination of many 'media' brought together to convey a message. These 'media' can include graphic, photo, music, voice, text and animations. When these elements are placed together on comp
It has become one of the most commonly used means of oral communication. It is used to place and take orders, to exchange urgently needed information, to make appointments, to establish valuable busin
It is a formal, well-prepared talk on a specific topic delivered to a knowledgeable and interested audience. Generally, the tone used in presentation is serious and business like. The purpose is to gi
I. It is the quickest means of transmitting messages. II. E-mail does not thrust itself upon the receiver. You can check your mailbox and receive your messag
Electronic mail involves sending messages via telecommunication links. If two computer terminals, however distant from each other, are connected on network, it is possible to send messages from one to
Also known as the fax machine is very useful for transmitting visual material such as diagrams, illustrations, photographs or copies of artwork visuals. All that we need for it is the fax machine with
1) Letters: letters are the most widely used form of written communication which can be between friends on matters of personal interests, or between individuals, firms or compa
Unlike internal communication, external communication flows outward, it addresses people outside the organization, like the prospective customers, competitors, public, press, media and the government.
This takes place within the organization or group-among people within, among different groups of employees and between employers and employees. It could be oral or written, visual or audio-visual, for
For communication to be effective, the communicator has to be very careful and judicious in the choice of media, which will depend on various factors like the urgency of the message, the time availabl
Expression through body parts is known as gesture communication. Successful communicators make a very effective us of facial expressions and gestures. A good boss, while scolding a subordinate for som
This is often resorted to by the management for messages that are lengthy and have to be made permanent. It is also undertaken when oral communication cannot reach each and every person concerned, eit
It occurs through the spoken word. In oral communication, the two parties to communication, the sender and the receiver, exchange their views through speech, either in face to face communication betwe
On the basis of way of expression, the e communication can be classified in the following two types: I. Oral communication, II. Written communication, and III. Gesture communication. &
This is also known as the grapevine, is not a planned or deliberately created channel of communication. It is free from all formalities. No formal organizational chart is followed to convey messages.
Communication through the chain of command is known as formal communication. Formal communication is closely associated with a formal organizational structure. The communication flows through formal c
In an organization, it carries innumerable kinds of messages which may be difficult to map out; but it may be possible to classify communications in regard to how to transmit, or who communicates to w
This includes the horizontal flow of information as also that among persons at different levels who have no direct reporting relationships. This kind of communication is used to speed information flow
This type of communication refers to communication between various departments or units representing the same level, or people within the same or different departments, without having a superior-subor
It is just the reverse of the downward communication. It flows upward from a subordinate to the superior through middle managerial levels along the line. Such communication is of two types: Feedback
I. Distortion of message. II. Delays in transmission. III. &n