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Downward communication provide following benefits to the organization: Help to explain to the subordinate the organizational plans police, programs and procedures, work methodology and other necessar
Communication in an organization carries innumerable kinds of messages which may be difficult to map out; but it may be possible to classify communications in regard to how to transmit. Or who communi
It is concerned with sharing and understanding of information. It consists of several steps explained below: 1) Develop an idea: the first step is to develop an idea tha
Direction and leadership: direction and effective leadership requires an effective system of communication. As a leader, the manager has to influence the behavior of his subordinates so that they will
Communication is the lifeblood of business. Success of the communication system affects the success of business. The following points will prove its importance: Smooth working of a business firm: it
1) Source: the source is the originator of the idea or the message. It may also be known as the sender who may be an individual or a group though, ultimately, it is an in
1) Communication is unavoidable: communication is always an existing and unavoidable phenomenon. Not to talk of facial expressions. Positive gestures and other behavioral ways,
Communication is a nature instinct of all living creatures. It is the basic need of all human beings. It plays all the more significant role in the present day organizations which are complex, dynamic
Goals lay down targets to be achieved in future. They influence the behavior of employees and also their motivation. When the employees participate in goal setting, they see how their efforts will lea
1) Is a given factor and input or an outcome? For example, "responsibility" is viewed by some as input and as output by others. 2) How does a person ch
1) The theory has generated extensive research, with many of the results being supportive. 2) The theory recognizes the influence of social comparison
This theory was formulated by J.S. Adams. It is based on the assumption that members of an organization experience strong expectations of justice, balance and fairness in treatment by the organization
This model can be graphically depicted as follows: The management must recognize and determine the situation as it exists and take steps to improve upon these three factors of expectancy, instrumenta
The expectancy model is based upon the belief that motivation is determined by the nature of the reward people expect to germ as a result of their job performance. The underlying assumption is that a
Cognitive theories subscribe to the fact that individuals make conscious decisions about their work behavior. In other words, they make rational decisions about how much effoet they need to put into t
The theory does not offer clear cut guidelines. The ERG theory implies that individuals will be motivated to engage in behavior which will satisfy one of the three sets of needs postulated by the theo
1) The ERG theory is more consistent with our knowledge of in dividable differences among people. Variables such as education, family background and cultural environment can al
The most popular extension and refinement of Maslow's theory of needs is the one proposed by alderfer (1972). While Maslow's model was not developed specifically for work organizations, alderfer's the
There are two types of needs-basic and secondary or acquired. Basic needs are important for -survival whereas acquired needs are not so important. We know various needs as felt by a man but do not kno
The need theories of work motivation attempt to determine what it is that motivates people at work. The content theorists are concerned with identifying the need/drives that people have and how these
Both are interdependent; neither exists without the other. However, people are often not as aware of their needs as they are of their goals. For example, a teenager may not consciously be aware of hi
These are known as the sought after results of motivated behavior. That is, they are the end points of motivation behavior. Goals may be generic or specific. If you are thirsty you may opt for
Most of an individual's specific needs are dormant much of the time. The arousal of any particular set of needs at a specific point in time may be caused by internal stimuli found in the individual's
Human needs may be classified as: 1) Basic physiological or primary needs, and 2) Social-psychological or secondary needs. 3)
The importance of motivation arises from its effects on organizational functions: 1) Motivation sets in motion the action of people: in every organization there are physical,