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railwaysrailway transport is one of the important modes of transport in india its technology is based on the traction of a group of wagons or coaches
important section of fly-overs and underpassesculverts a structure having a waterway upto 5 mminor bridge a structure having a waterway of 6-30
overbridges fly-overs and underpassesrailway over-bridgesrailway over-bridges rob are structures constructed to enable the road traffic to go over
masonry arch culvertsbrick or stone masonry arches were very popular forms for culverts till recently the disadvantage with this form is the
stone slab culverts with abutments and pierswhere good quality stone slabs are available like granite slabs they can be used for superstructure of
types of culvertsculverts are constructed with various materials and to different designs the popular forms are a temporary stone scuppersb stone
diagram for full wave bridge circuit single phasefull wave centre tap circuit and haif wave rectification
what would be the best way to evaluate the field performance benefits of subsurface drainage in a flexible pavement short term and long term thick
streams not wholly alluvialin streams which are not wholly alluvial consisting of bed of pebbles rock etc the liner waterway is kept equal to the
alluvial streamsin alluvial streams the regime width of a river is calculated from the laceys formula w 48 qfrac12where w regime width in m
estimation of dischargethe estimation of discharge of a stream is necessary for determining the waterway clearance and foundation details discharge
guidelines for selection of sitethe following are some of the guidelines for selecting the site of a bridge a a site which is on a straight reach of
types of cross-drainage structuresthe following are the types of cross-drainage structures a culverts having waterway upto 6 mb minor bridges having
culverts causeway and bridgesroads have to cross several natural streams like - rivers and canals they also have to cross railway lines and
micro-organism ratiodetermine the fm ratio in units of lbs bod5lb mlss-day using data provided in the above example problemsolutionby definitionfm q
treatment plant - sewer constructionproblemhow many kg of primary and secondary dry solids needs to be processed daily from the treatment
plants aeration periodproblemwhat is the plants aeration periodsolutionthe plants aeration period is the number of hours that the wastewater is
design volume of the aeration basin - sewer constructionproblemwhat is the design volume of the aeration basinsolutionassuming that 30 of the plant
design of the aeration basin based on solids retention time - sewer constructionyou are provided the following information about a municipal
determine the dead loada 250 mm diameter sewer is placed in a 275 m deep rectangular trench that is 065 m wide this trench is backfilled with
keywords used in appropriate technologyhill roads roads in hilly and mountainous terrainlandslides the slippage of mass of hill faceretaining walls
use of labour-based and appropriate technologythe construction and maintenance of rural roads can generate a good level of employment hence the
principles governing rural roads design standardsthe following principles should govern in design of rural roads a rural roads are low volume
low cost roads connecting villagesproblem of village connectivityit is estimated that nearly 45 per cent of indias villages are not connected by an
roads in desertsproblems encounteredthe western portion of rajasthan is part of the thar desert where strong winds below the fine desert sand