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maintenance of railway lineimportance of maintenancethe need for maintenance of railway lines arises out of the following considerations a the track
tunnelstunnels become unavoidable for negotiating hills where detours are costly the tunnels in rock are not lined but those in loose strata require
construction of railway lineearthworkearthwork in embankment is made up of soil from nearby borrowpits the soil is deposited in layers of 25 cm and
cross drainage worksculvertsa large number of culverts are needed for taking care of the streams crossing the railway lines the culverts can be one
ancillary railway structuresoverhead transmission lineswhen the line is electrified the electric loco has to pick up the electric current from a
planning of railway stations and facilities providedthe planning of railway stations should cover the following aspectsa
railway stationtypes of stationsthere are the following types of stationsa terminal stations howrah station in kolkata and mumbai central being good
railway operationterminal facilities are an important feature of railway operation these include stations where trains stop and passengers are
keywordsdegree of curve the angle subtended at the centre by a chord of 100 ft 305 m
a cantilever beam is loaded with a concentrated force of 5kn at the free end the length of the cantilever beam is 1m having cross section of
points and crossingsfunctionrailway technology is based on an exclusive track for movement for diverting trains from one track to another some
creepcreep of rails is the forward movement of rails in the direction of dominant traffic over a period of time creep is undesirable because it
sleepersthe sleeper is the part of the track on which the rails rest its functions are a to hold the rails to the correct gaugeb to transmit and
formation embankmentthe formation is the earthen embankment on which the other components of the track rest for supporting the heavy loads the earth
alignment of a railway lineselection of alignmentthe following points must be considered in selecting the alignment of a railway line a it should be
railwaysrailway transport is one of the important modes of transport in india its technology is based on the traction of a group of wagons or coaches
important section of fly-overs and underpassesculverts a structure having a waterway upto 5 mminor bridge a structure having a waterway of 6-30
overbridges fly-overs and underpassesrailway over-bridgesrailway over-bridges rob are structures constructed to enable the road traffic to go over
masonry arch culvertsbrick or stone masonry arches were very popular forms for culverts till recently the disadvantage with this form is the
stone slab culverts with abutments and pierswhere good quality stone slabs are available like granite slabs they can be used for superstructure of
types of culvertsculverts are constructed with various materials and to different designs the popular forms are a temporary stone scuppersb stone
diagram for full wave bridge circuit single phasefull wave centre tap circuit and haif wave rectification
what would be the best way to evaluate the field performance benefits of subsurface drainage in a flexible pavement short term and long term thick
streams not wholly alluvialin streams which are not wholly alluvial consisting of bed of pebbles rock etc the liner waterway is kept equal to the
alluvial streamsin alluvial streams the regime width of a river is calculated from the laceys formula w 48 qfrac12where w regime width in m