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road maintenanceimportance of road maintenanceroads deteriorate in their condition due to traffic rain snowfall and temperature variations they
road drainage and maintenancethe life of a road depends upon how well and quickly the water is drained away from its various components similarly
important parts of road pavementsprime coat application of a low viscosity bituminous binder over a granular base to fill up the voidstack coat
keywords of road pavementspavement that part of a road which structurally supports the vehicles travelling on a roadflexible pavement a
quality control of concrete roadsconcrete roads require a very high degree of quality control the following aspects need to be checked regularlya
constructionconstruction is usually done by one of the three methodsa manual method providing steel or wooden forms pouring concrete and compacting
concrete mix designconcrete mix design is done in a laboratory to achieve the desired strength and workability the mix design is done to achieve
concrete pavementthicknessthe thickness of concrete pavements is determined from the stresses induced due to loads and temperature the thickness
quality control in flexible pavementsthe quality control needed for flexible pavements covers the following tests a density and moisture content of
semi dense bituminous concretesemi dense bituminous concrete sdbc is similar to bc but with a higher void content 5-10 per cent as against 3-5 per
rolling - binderthe layer thickness is 40-50 mm rolling is done in three stages initial rollingby 80-100 kn smooth wheeled rollerintermediate
bituminous concretebituminous concrete bc is a hot-mix superior type of bituminous surfacing having a low voids 3-5 per cent good durability high
dense bituminous macadama dense bituminous macadam dbm is a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent two gradings are
grouted or penetration macadamthis is a specification where the binder is sprayed on a compacted layer of stone aggregates and is allowed to
bituminous macadambituminous macadam bm is a base course in which coarse aggregates are mixed with a bituminous binder the mix is open-graded with
prime coata prime coat is the application of a low viscosity binder usually a bituminous emulsion to a gravel wbm or wmm surface to enable the binder
bituminous coursestypes of bituminous coursesthe following are the various bituminous course commonly used a prime coatb tack coatc surface dressingd
wet mix macadamfor heavily trafficked highways the granular bases are constructed using wet mix macadam wmm the wmm is a specification in which well
stone solingone of the early practices in road construction was to provide a stone soling 150-225 mm in thickness the stones are laid by manual
brick pavementin regions where stone aggregates are not available within economical leads bricks provide a cheaper alternative flat-brick or
examples of stabilised pavement layersexamples sand-clay mixture sand-gravel mixture soil-aggregate mixture soil-soft aggregate
stabilised pavement layerssoil stabilisation is the process of treating a soil in such a manner as to alter and improve its properties for use as a
load distribution factorthe formula for deriving at the number of repetitions of the standard axle load during a design period of n years isn 365
design of flexible pavementsthe design of flexible pavements is done by the cbr method the cbr test described further gives an indication of the
construction of embankmentthe following steps describe embankment construction a the ground is cleared and grubbed and all vegetation grass roots etc