Catabolism of Proteins

Catabolism of Proteins:

Proteins are complex organic nitrogenous compounds composed of amino acids connected by peptide bonds. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and each protein have 20 different types of amino acids. There are different types of proteins and each type has its particular sequence of amino acids in 3-dimensional structure. Whenever large numbers of amino acids are joined altogether by peptide bonds it is termed as polypeptide chain. Proteins comprise of one or more polypeptide chains that range from fewer to hundred amino acid monomers or residues or even thousand residues. Microorganisms can create all the amino acids needed with a few require external supply of one or more amino acids. Escherichia coli can create all the amino acids for protein synthesis. On the other hand lactic acid bacteria should be supplied with preformed amino acids. The catabolism of proteins outcomes the amino acids.

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Microorganisms can degrade proteins employing them as a source of carbon and nitrogen. As the protein molecules are big and cannot enter the bacterial cell they demonstrate exoenzymes termed as proteases that hydrolyze proteins to smaller peptides which are transported into the cytoplasm. Peptidases break the peptides to the separate amino acids. The amino acids are splitted down according to the particular requirement of bacteria metabolizing protein and the carbon skeletons are oxidized to compounds which enter TCA cycle through acetyl CoA, α- keto glutataric, fumaric, succinic, or oxaloacetic acids.

 

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