Structure of HIV

Structure of HIV:

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                                                    Figure: Structure of HIV

HIV is spherical in shape. Its size is around100-140 nm. Similar to any other virus, it is made up of a central icosahedral capsid core having genetic material enclosed by a protein envelope. The protein envelope is attached numerous spicules of glycoprotein, similar to other retroviruses the glycoprotein sticks out on both sides (i.e., inside and outside) of its protein coat. The external position of glycoprotein called gp120 is joined to the gp 41 located on the internal side of the viral coat. gp 41 is an curiously long protein with over 100 amino acids. gp 120 appears similar to a knob. Electron microscopic studies have exposed that the distribution of proteins of the viral surface is very much similar to a soccer ball made up of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons, stitched all together to build a sphere. The envelope of HIV also has other proteins involving some HLA antigens (i.e., Human Leucocyte Antigen).

The genome of HIV has two helix of RNA molecules in folded form. The enzyme reverse transcriptase is joined to RNA.

 

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