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low voltage at transformers while the voltage applied to induction motor varies from the rated voltage its performance is affected against
distribution transformers1 augmentationaddition of distribution transformersdistribution transformers have to be augmented by installing additional
automatic voltage boosterthe functioning of automatic voltage booster avb is same to in which of the series capacitor automatic voltage booster is an
preventing leakages at insulatorsleakages at insulators cracking of insulators and flashover across insulators frequent cause outages and give output
conductors for linesthe sizing of conductor must depend upon the load it is expected to serve and other factors such as capacity required in future
network reconductoring - technical loss reductionthe size of conductorcable is a significant parameter as it determines the current density and the
short-term measures for technical loss reductionthe short-term measures involve measures needs for immediate improvement and reduction of losses
technical losses in power systemsthe technical losses in power systems occur because of energy dissipated in the conductors and equipment used for
loss reduction and efficiency improvement of electrical energy1 there are inherent losses in transmission and distribution of electrical energy from
issue in sub-transmission and distribution systemsthe major issue in sub-transmission and distribution systems or rather the issue confronting the
lack of accountability - high technical usagein huge complex and widespread stampd networks such as ours the subsequent factors pose problems in
tardy billing and poor revenue collectionprolonged disputes connivance lack of consumer friendly policies incorrect identification of category
defective metering and meter reading errorsdefective meteringtampered slow running stalled damaged meters are a cause of huge losses to the utility
direct tapping and unmetered connectionsdirect tappingdirect tapping of power by non-customers is widely prevalent this is mainly in domestic and
theft or pilferage of power by the existing customerspower theft through the existing consumers is the predominant cause of loss of revenue to the
factors affecting to high technical losseslarge scale rural electrificationlarge scale rural electrification programmed undertaken in the country
factors affecting high commercial lossescommercial losses in our country occur mainly because of the following reasons incorrect assessment of the
low investments in transmission and distribution systemthe investment on tampd system in our country has commonly been lower than that on generation
factors contributing to high technical lossespower distribution systems in developing countries have faced a phenomenal and rapid growth within the
calculation of aggregate technical and commercial lossthe concept of atampc loss was introduced within 2001-02 the atampc losses are presently in the
aggregate technical and commercial lossit is unfortunate in that addition to tampd losses there is also a loss in revenue because of non-realisation
revenue loss due to loss of opportunity to servethe revenue loss because of loss of opportunity to serve is a extremely relevant but less visible
commercial losses in electrical systemscommercial losses are caused by pilferage theft defective meters and errors in meter reading and in estimating
technical loss in electrical systemstechnical loss is inherent in electrical systems as all electrical devices have a few resistances and the flow of
transmission and distribution losses - electrical energypreviously you have learnt that there are inherent losses in transmission and distribution of