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advantages of casting processelectric furnace the melting of steel by electric furnaces developed rapidly for the availability of cheap electric
risersriser design a riser or a feeder head is a passage of sand made in the cope to permit the molten metal to rise above the highest point in the
squeeze castingssqueeze casting also known as liquid metal forging is a combination of casting and forging process the molten metal is poured into
mould castingplaster moulding in this method the mould is prepared in gypsum or plaster of paris in practice the plaster of paris is mixed with tale
fundamental of metal castingfundamental of metal casting casting process is based on the property of a liquid to take up the shape of vessel
pattern practices - manufacturing processespattern practices a pattern may be defined as a replica or fascimile model of the desired casting which
manufacturing processesimportance of manufacturing the importance of manufacturing is that a gives usable product from the ore of different metals
avalanche breakdownthis type of breakdown takes place when both sides of junction are lightly doped and consequently the depletion layer is large in
zener breakdownzener breakdown takes place in very thin junction ie when both sides of junction layer is narrow when a small reverse bias voltage is
voltage quadrupler a voltage quadrupler circuit is shown in fig which provides output voltage v0 4 vmoperation capacitor c1 c2 and c3 charges to
voltage tripler and quadruplervoltage tripler an extension of the half wave voltage across each diode is 2vm as it is for the filter capacitor
voltage doublerthe network of fig is a half wave voltage doublers during the positive voltage half cycle across the transformer secondary diode d1
ujt as relaxation oscillatorthe ujt relaxation oscillator is shown in fig it consist of a ujt and a capacitor c which is charged through a variable
characteristics of unijunction transistorcharacteristics the static emitter characteristic of ujt at a given inter base voltage vbb in shown in
operation - unijunction transistoroperation imagine that the emitter supply voltage is turned biased and a small emitter reverse current flows then
equivalent circuit the equivalent circuit of a ujt is shown in fig the p - n junction represented in the emitter by a diode silicon bar being
construction - unijunction transistorconstruction the basic structure of uni junction transistor is shown in fig a it essentially consists of a
unijunction transistor abbreviated as ujt also called the double base diode is a 2 layer 3 terminal solid state switching device the device has a
diode circuitsprob a draw the piecewise linear volt ampere characteristic of a p n diode what are the circuit models for the on state and the off
hall effect experimentprob write short note on hall effect and its applications what properties of a semiconductor are determined from a hall effect
properties of a semiconductorwhat properties of a semiconductor are determined from a hall effect experiment sol the hall effect experiment is used
fermi dirac levelsol the fermi level is simply a reference energy level it is the energy level at which the probability of finding an electron n
diffusion current the carrier currents are also due to concentration gradients in the doped material which lead to diffusion of carriers from high
drift current density and conductivityconsider a conductor of length meters and cross sectional area a square meters as shown in fig let the number
drift current and diffusion current there are two mechanisms in which electrons and holes move through a semiconductor one of these is termed as