Ureotelism

Ureotelism:

Ureotelism is an adaptation for a semi-terrestrial habitation. Urea needs only a small amount of water to form urine and never includes much water loss; Moreover, urea is much less toxic than ammonia and it can be maintained in blood for sometime before it is transported and removed through the excretory organs. However the concentration of urea in the blood is small, it can be stored securely in the bladder in high concentration. Therefore ureotelism is conditioned by the shortage of water, and characteristic of terrestrial habitat.

Urea Biosynthesis (Ornithine Cycle):

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Liver is the main organ of urea biosynthesis. In the ornithine cycle, ammonia, produced by deamination in cells and tissues, merges with carbon dioxide to form carbamyl phosphate. This compound is subjected to cyclic chemical reactions as given in the figure. Three molecules of ATP are spent to transform the toxic ammonia into a molecule of urea.

 

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