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  IUPAC Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds

IUPAC Nomenclature of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds:

The rules are demonstrated below:

1. In naming the whole complex, the name of the cation is specified first and the anion second (simply as for sodium chloride), no matter if the cations or the anions are complex species.

2. In complex ion, the names of the ligand or ligands precede that of the central metal atom (This process is reversed for writing the formulae).

3. Ligand names usually end with ‘O’ when the ligand is negative (i.e., ‘chloro’ for Cl-, ‘cyano’ for CN-, ‘hydrido’ for H-) and unmodified when the ligand is neutral (i.e., ‘methylamine’ for MeNH2). Special ligand names are ‘ammine’ for ammonia, ‘aqua’ for water, ‘carbonyl’ for CO, and nitrosyl’ for NO.

4. A Greek prefix (i.e., mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, and so on) points out the number of each ligand (i.e., mono is generally omitted for a single ligand of a given type). When the name of the ligand itself have the terms mono, di, tri, such as triphenylphosphine, ligand name is enclosed in parentheses and its number is specified with the alternate prefixes bis, tris, tetrakis rather.

For illustration, [Ni (PPh3)2Cl2] is termed dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) nickel (II).

5. The Roman numeral or a zero in parentheses is employed to point out the oxidation state of the central metal atom.

6. When the complex ion is negative, the name of the metal ends with ‘ate’ for illustration, cuprate, ferrate, nickelate, cobaltate and so on.

7. When more than one ligand is existed in the species, then the ligands are termed in alphabetical order regardless of the number of each. For illustration, NH3 (i.e., ammine) would be considered as ‘a’ ligand and come before Cl- (i.e., chloro).

Some additional notes:

i) Certain metals in anions have special names:

B  Borate        Au  Aurate       Ag  Argentate       Fe  Ferrate
Pb Plumbate   Sn  Stannate    Cu Cuprate          Ni Nickelate

ii) Utilization of brackets or enclosing marks:

Square brackets are utilized to surround a complex ion or neutral coordination species.

Illustrations:

[Co(en)3]Cl3               tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride
[Co(NH3)3(NO2)3]       triamminetrinitrocobalt (III)
K2[CoCl4]                   potassiumtetrachlorocobaltate(II)

Note: It is not essential to enclose the halogens in brackets.

 

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