--%>
Assignment Help - homework help

What are haloalkanes and haloarenes and its properties?

Alkyl halides or haloalkanes are the compounds in which a halogen is bonded to an alkyl group. They have the general formula RX (where R is alkyl group, CnH2n+1 and X is halogen atom). These may be obtained from an alkane by replacement of one hydrogen atom by a halogen atom.

693_haloalkanes.png 

849_haloalkanes1.png 

Alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides depending on whether the halogen atom is attached to a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom respectively. For example,

2145_haloalkanes2.png 
     
Halogen derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons: replacement of some hydrogen atom in alkenes or alkynes by some halogen atom yields this type of halogen compounds. Some ordinary examples are listed below:

1273_haloalkanes3.png 

    
Aromatic halogen compound or haloarenes are the halogen compounds which contain at least one aromatic ring. Halogen derivatives of aromatic compounds can of two kinds:
    
Aryl halides: in these compounds, the halogen atom is directly combined to the carbon of benzene nucleus. They are also called nuclear substitution derivatives.
    
Aralkyl halides: in this type of compounds, halogen atom is linked to the carbon atom of the side chain. They are also called side chain substitution derivatives. 

The side chain derivatives are very similar to aliphatic halogen derivatives i.e. haloalkanes.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to an sp3-hybridised carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon double bond are known as allylic halides.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to one of the carbon atoms of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are known as vinylic halides.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to a carbon atom next to aromatic ring are known as benzylic halides.
    
In alkyl halides, allyl halides and benzyl halides halogen atom is bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

Alkyl, allylic and benzylic halides may be further be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary halides.

In aryl halides and vinyl halides halogens atom is bonded to an sp2 hybridized carbon atom.

   Related Questions in Chemistry

  • Q : Explain Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The

    The energies of both the outer and inner orbitals of atoms and molecules can be determined by photoelectron spectroscopy.Energy changes of the outermost or highest energy electron of molecules were dealt with here in a different passion. The energies of ot

    		•
  • Q : Describe the function of the

    Briefly describe the function of the monosaccharide?

    		•
  • Q : Explain solid in liquid solutions. The

    The French chemist Francois Marie Raoult (1886) carried out a series of experiments to study the vapour pressure of a number of binary solutions. On the basis of the results of the experiments, he proposed a generalization called Raoult's law which states that, <

    		•
  • Q : Pressure Phase Diagrams The occurrence

    The occurrence of different phases of a one component system can be shown on a pressure temperature. The phases present in a one line system at various temperatures can be conveniently presented on a P- versus-T diagram. An example is pro

    		•
  • Q : Rotational energy and entropy due to

    The entropy due to the rotational motion of the molecules of a gas can be calculated. Linear molecules: as was pointed out, any rotating molecule has a set of allowed rotational energies. For a linear molecule the

    		•
  • Q : Linde liquefaction process Liquefied

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is produced using a Linde liquefaction process from pure methane gas at 3 bar and 280 K (conditions at point 1 in figure below). A three-stage compressor with interceding is used to compress the methane to 100 bar (point 2). The first stage

    		•
  • Q : How alkyl group reactions takes place?

    Halogenations: ethers react with chlorine and bromine to give substitution products. The extent of halogenations depends upon the conditions of reacti

    		•
  • Q : Explain alcohols and phenols in organic

    Alcohols and phenols are the compounds

    		•
  • Q : Dipole attractions-London dispersion

    Describe how dipole attractions, London dispersion forces and the hydrogen bonding identical?

    		•
  • Q : Describe properties of carboxylic acids.

    1. Physical state: the first three aliphatic acids are colourless liquids with pungent smell. The next six are oily liquids with an odour of rancid butter while the higher members are colourless, odourless waxy solids. Benzoic acid is referred to

    		•