--%>
Assignment Help - homework help

What are haloalkanes and haloarenes and its properties?

Alkyl halides or haloalkanes are the compounds in which a halogen is bonded to an alkyl group. They have the general formula RX (where R is alkyl group, CnH2n+1 and X is halogen atom). These may be obtained from an alkane by replacement of one hydrogen atom by a halogen atom.

693_haloalkanes.png 

849_haloalkanes1.png 

Alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides depending on whether the halogen atom is attached to a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom respectively. For example,

2145_haloalkanes2.png 
     
Halogen derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons: replacement of some hydrogen atom in alkenes or alkynes by some halogen atom yields this type of halogen compounds. Some ordinary examples are listed below:

1273_haloalkanes3.png 

    
Aromatic halogen compound or haloarenes are the halogen compounds which contain at least one aromatic ring. Halogen derivatives of aromatic compounds can of two kinds:
    
Aryl halides: in these compounds, the halogen atom is directly combined to the carbon of benzene nucleus. They are also called nuclear substitution derivatives.
    
Aralkyl halides: in this type of compounds, halogen atom is linked to the carbon atom of the side chain. They are also called side chain substitution derivatives. 

The side chain derivatives are very similar to aliphatic halogen derivatives i.e. haloalkanes.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to an sp3-hybridised carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon double bond are known as allylic halides.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to one of the carbon atoms of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are known as vinylic halides.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to a carbon atom next to aromatic ring are known as benzylic halides.
    
In alkyl halides, allyl halides and benzyl halides halogen atom is bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

Alkyl, allylic and benzylic halides may be further be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary halides.

In aryl halides and vinyl halides halogens atom is bonded to an sp2 hybridized carbon atom.

   Related Questions in Chemistry

  • Q : Determining concentration in ppm A 500

    A 500 gm tooth paste sample has 0.2g fluoride concentration. Determine the concentration of F in terms of ppm level: (a) 250 (b) 200 (c) 400 (d) 1000Answer: (c) F-ions in ppm = (0.2/500) x 106 = 400

    		•
  • Q : Diffusion Molecular View When the

    When the diffusion process is treated as the movement of particles through a solvent the diffusion coefficient can be related to the effective size of diffusing particles and the viscosity of the medium.To see how the experimental coefficients can be treat

    		•
  • Q : Mole fraction of hydrogen chloride

    Normal 0

  • Q : Problem based on mole concept Choose

    Choose the right answer from following. An aqueous solution of glucose is 10% in strength. The volume in which mole of it is dissolved will be : (a) 18 litre (b) 9 litre (c) 0.9 litre (d) 1.8 litre

    		•
  • Q : Pressure and power for adiabatic

    a) Air flowing at 1 m3/s enters an adiabatic compressor at 20°C and 1 bar. It exits at 200°C. The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 80%. Calculate the exit pressure and the power required. b) Steam enter

    		•
  • Q : Problem on Osmotic Pressure of solution

    The osmotic pressure of a 5% solution of cane sugar at 150oC  is (mol. wt. of cane sugar = 342)(a) 4 atm (b) 3.4 atm (c) 5.07 atm (d) 2.45 atmAnswer: (c) Π = (5 x 0.0821 x 1000 x 423)/(342 x 100) = 5.07 atm

    		•
  • Q : Determining maximum Osmotic pressure

    Which of the following would have the maximum osmotic pressure (assume that all salts are 90% dissociated): (a) Decimolar aluminium sulphate (b) Decimolar barium chloride (c) Decimolar sodium sulphate (d) A solution obtained by mix

    		•
  • Q : What is laser and explain its working?

    Laser action relies on a non-Boltzmann population inversion formed by the absorption of radiation and vibrational deactivation that forms a long lived excited electronic state. An excited state molecule can move to a lower energy state or return to the

    		•
  • Q : Composition of the vapour Choose the

    Choose the right answer from following. An ideal solution was obtained by mixing methanol and ethanol. If the partial vapour pressure of methanol and ethanol are 2.619KPa and 4.556KPa respectively, the composition of the vapour (in terms of mole fraction) will be: (

    		•
  • Q : Basicity order order of decreasing

    order of decreasing basicity of urea and its substituents

    		•