--%>

What are haloalkanes and haloarenes and its properties?

Alkyl halides or haloalkanes are the compounds in which a halogen is bonded to an alkyl group. They have the general formula RX (where R is alkyl group, CnH2n+1 and X is halogen atom). These may be obtained from an alkane by replacement of one hydrogen atom by a halogen atom.

693_haloalkanes.png 

849_haloalkanes1.png 

Alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides depending on whether the halogen atom is attached to a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom respectively. For example,

2145_haloalkanes2.png 
     
Halogen derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons: replacement of some hydrogen atom in alkenes or alkynes by some halogen atom yields this type of halogen compounds. Some ordinary examples are listed below:

1273_haloalkanes3.png 

    
Aromatic halogen compound or haloarenes are the halogen compounds which contain at least one aromatic ring. Halogen derivatives of aromatic compounds can of two kinds:
    
Aryl halides: in these compounds, the halogen atom is directly combined to the carbon of benzene nucleus. They are also called nuclear substitution derivatives.
    
Aralkyl halides: in this type of compounds, halogen atom is linked to the carbon atom of the side chain. They are also called side chain substitution derivatives. 

The side chain derivatives are very similar to aliphatic halogen derivatives i.e. haloalkanes.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to an sp3-hybridised carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon double bond are known as allylic halides.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to one of the carbon atoms of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are known as vinylic halides.
    
The halides in which halogen atom is attached to a carbon atom next to aromatic ring are known as benzylic halides.
    
In alkyl halides, allyl halides and benzyl halides halogen atom is bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

Alkyl, allylic and benzylic halides may be further be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary halides.

In aryl halides and vinyl halides halogens atom is bonded to an sp2 hybridized carbon atom.

   Related Questions in Chemistry

  • Q : Describe First Order Rate Equation The

    The integrated forms of the first order rate equations are conveniently used to compare concentration time results with this rate equation. Rate equations show the dependence of the rate of the reaction on concentration can be integrated to give expressions fo

  • Q : Hydrocarbons list and identify

    list and identify differences between the major classes of hydrocarbons

  • Q : From where the tin is obtained From

    From where the tin is obtained? Briefly illustrate it.

  • Q : Problem on thermodynamic equilibrium In

    In the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the contact process, S02 is oxidized to SO3 over a vanadium catalyst: The reactor is adiabatic and operates at atmospheric pressure. The gases enter the reactor at 410&d

  • Q : Film Mass Transport Sulfur trioxide

    Sulfur trioxide (SO3) is manufactured by the gas-phase oxidation of SO2 over a platinum catalyst: SO2 + ½ O2 à SO3 The catalyst is a non-porous ext

  • Q : Question based on normality Provide

    Provide solution of this question. A 5 molar solution of H2SO4 is diluted from 1 litre to 10 litres. What is the normality of the solution : (a) 0.25 N (b) 1 N (c) 2 N (d) 7 N

  • Q : What are homogenous catalyst? Give few

    When a catalyst mixes homogeneously with the reactants and forms a single phase, the catalyst is said to be homogeneous and this type of catalysis is called homogeneous catalysis. Some more examples of homogeneous catalysis are:    SO2

  • Q : Problem related to molarity Provide

    Provide solution of this question. Increasing the temperature of an aqueous solution will cause: (a) Decrease in molality (b) Decrease in molarity (c) Decrease in mole fraction (d) Decrease in % w/w

  • Q : Vitamines 7 enzyme cofactor what is the

    what is the relationship between vitamins and enzyme cofactors

  • Q : State substituted hydrocarbon Elaborate

    Elaborate a substituted hydrocarbon?