--%>
Assignment Help - homework help

Explain solid in liquid solutions.

The French chemist Francois Marie Raoult (1886) carried out a series of experiments to study the vapour pressure of a number of binary solutions. On the basis of the results of the experiments, he proposed a generalization called Raoult's law which states that, 

The vapour pressure of a solution containing non-volatile solute is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent.

In case of solution containing two components A (volatile solvent) and B (non-volatile solute) the vapour pressure of solution is given as

[Vapour pressure of solution] = [vapour pressure of solvent in solution (pA) ∝ [mole fraction of solvent (xA)]
                                                  
Or pA ∝ xA
                                                
Or, pA = kxA

Where k is proportionality constant.

For pure liquid, xA = 1 then k becomes equal to be vapour pressure of the pure solvent which is denoted by pA°.

Thus, pA = pA°xA                                            (i)

Or psolution × mole fraction of solvent.

For solutions obeying Raoult's law at all concentrations its vapour pressure would vary linearly from zero to the vapour pressure of pure solvent.

If mole fraction of solute is sB, then

xA + xB = 1 or xA = 1 - xB                             (ii)

From eqns. (i) and (ii),

pA = pA°(1 - xB) = pA° - pA°xB

Or, pA° - pA = pA°xB

2263_solids on liquids.png

   Related Questions in Chemistry

  • Q : Explain equilibrium and molecular

    The equilibrium constant can be treated as a particular type of molecular distribution. Consider the simplest gas-phase reaction, one in which molecules of A are converted to molecules of B. the reaction, described by the equation

    Q : Explain the polymers and its types.

    Polymers are the chief products of modern chemical industry which form the backbone of present society. Daily life without the discovery and varied applications of polymers would not have been easier and colourful. The materials made of polymers find multifarious uses and applications in all walk

    		•
  • Q : Question based on strength of solution

    Help me to go through this problem. On dissolving 1 mole of each of the following acids in 1 litre water, the acid which does not give a solution of strength 1N is: (a) HCl (b) Perchloric acid (c) HNO3 (d) Phosphoric acid

    		•
  • Q : PH of an Alkyl Halide Briefly state the

    Briefly state the pH of an Alkyl Halide?

    		•
  • Q : Number of electrons in the benzene

    Describe the number of electrons in the benzene? Write a short note on it?

    		•
  • Q : How to establish nomenclature for

    In the common chemistry terminologies, aliphatic halogen derivatives are named as alkyl halides. The words, n-, sec-, tert-, iso-, neo-, and amyl are

    		•
  • Q : Problem based on lowering in vapour

    Help me to solve this problem. An aqueous solution of glucose was prepared by dissolving 18 g of glucose in 90 g of water. The relative lowering in vapour pressure is: (a) 0.02 (b)1 (c) 20 (d)180

    		•
  • Q : Calculating total number of moles

    Choose the right answer from following. While 90 gm of water is mixed with 300 gm of acetic acid. The total number of moles will be: (a)5 (b)10 (c)15 (d)20

    		•
  • Q : Quantum Mechanical Operators The

    The quantum mechanical methods, illustrated previously by the Schrödinger equation, are extended by the use of operators. Or, w

    		•
  • Q : Molarity of Barium hydroxide 25 ml of a

    25 ml of a solution of barium hydroxide on titration with 0.1 molar solution of the hydrochloric acid provide a litre value of 35 ml. The molarity of barium hydroxide solution will be: (i) 0.07 (ii) 0.14 (iii) 0.28 (iv) 0.35

    		•