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q briefly explain model scale designknowledge of dynamic similarity conditions enables evaluation of model scales almost ali the problems related to
what is voltage multiplying dacsmultiplying dacs function on the principle of producing a weighted sum analog signal where the sum is proportional to
q show the geometric similaritywhen model is required to provide an aid merely for visualisation scaler reproduction of form is sufficient which is
define successive approximation digital to analog convertersuccessive approximation adcs transform analog signals to digital data by comparing the
what is commitment unitwhen out-of-order execution is permitted a special control unit is required to guarantee in-order commitment this is known as
what is imprecise and precise exceptionsituation in which one or more of the succeeding instructions have been implemented to completion is known as
what are superscalar processorsseveral instructions start implementation in the same clock cycle and the processor is said to use multiple issue such
explain quantizing analog signalsa common analog-to-digital conversion pipeline contains a spectrum limiter a simple low-pass or bandpass filter a
what are condition codesin many processors the condition code flags are kept in the processor status register they are either set are cleared by lots
what is called static and dynamic branch predictionthe branch prediction decision is always the similar every time a given instruction is implemented
define speculative executionspeculative execution means that instructions are implemented before the processor is particular that they are in the
what is delayed branchinga method called delayed branching can minimize the penalty incurred as a result of conditional branch instructions the idea
what are the two types of branch prediction techniques available the two types of branch prediction methods are 1 static branch prediction 2
explain limit signal spectrum to prevent aliasingthe sampling frequency should at least be two times that of the highest frequency in the incoming
what is branch foldingthe instruction fetch unit has implemented the branch instruction concurrently with the implementation of other instructions
what is dispatch unita separate unit which we call the dispatch unit fetch instructions from the front of the queue and sends them to the execution
define sampling frequencysince real analog signals consist of several frequencies spectrum of the input signals should be limited to make sure that
what is said to be side effectwhen a location other than one explicitly named in an instruction as a destination operand is affected the instruction
what is structural hazardstructural hazard is the situation when two instructions needs the use of a given hardware resource at the similar time the
what are called stallsan alternative representation of the operation of a pipeline in the case of a cache miss gives the function performed by every
what are instruction hazardsthe pipeline might also be stalled because of a delay in the availability of an instruction for instance this may be a
what is data hazardany condition that causes the pipeline to stall is known as a hazard a data hazard is any condition in which either the source or
what is the use of cache memorythe use of the cache memories solves the memory access problem in certain when a cache is included on the same chip as
name the four steps in pipeliningfetch read the instruction from the memorydecode decode the instruction and get the source operandexecute
what is a pipeline hazardany condition that causes the pipeline to stall is known as hazard they are also known as stalls or