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  Vibrio

Vibrio:

The genus Vibrio comprises more than thirty species which are found generally in aquatic atmosphere. The most significant pathogens of man are Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Vibrios are short Gram negative rods that are frequently curved and actively motile by a single polar flagellum. They generate the enzyme oxidase and indole. The genus can be classified into non-halophilic vibrios that grow in media without adding salt and halophilic vibrios that grow in ordinary media with added electrolytes. Most of the vibrios grow at 30oC, however halophilic species poorly grow at 37oC, however V.cholerae and V. parahaemolytics grow even at 42oC.

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Figure: V.cholerae

The somatic antigenic (i.e., O antigen) structure is the significant factor in identification of the organism. More than 200 distinct O serogroups have been explained. When the vibrio possesses O1 antigen, the organism is termed as V. cholerae O1. Other strains are collectively termed as non-O1. All strains of V. cholerae share the similar flagellar (i.e., H antigen) antigen. Strains of V. cholerae O1 might be classified on the   basis of O antigens into two subtypes Ogawa and Inaba. There are two biotypes of V.cholerae O1. They are typical and El Tor biotypes. The El Tor variant is differentiated from the classical biotype by the capability to state the hemolysin and resistance to Polymyxin-B.

 

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