Pasteur vaccine for rabies:
He found that the chicken employed for fresh culture were sick and died whereas the chicken that was inoculated formerly with old cultures and again with fresh cultures failed to develop sickness and survived. Pasteur demonstrated that old cultures that he employed in the demonstration lost their virulence and the ability to generate the disease. After growing old, the bacteria might have lost virulence that Pasteur designated as attenuated bacteria.
But such attenuated organisms do not cause disease though stimulate the host to generate antibodies which act against invading virulent organisms. Edward Jenner (1798) employed cow pox virus to immunize people against small pox was identical to this explanation. Pasteur employed attenuated culture, which he termed as vaccines (L.vacca = cow) to prevent anthrax.
Pasteur was assigned the task of generating a vaccine for rabies (i.e., hydrophobia) a fatal disease of man caused by bites of mad cats, dogs, and wolf.
Figure: Chicken cholera inoculation explanation by PasteurRabies is due to a virus too small to be seen under microscopes obtainable at his time and not grown-up in laboratory. Therefore he employed the saliva of mad dogs to inject rabbits. The spinal cord and brain of artificially injected rabbits were eliminated, dried, powdered and suspended in glycerin. By injecting such preparation, Pasteur immunized dogs against rabies. Pasteur cured a boy Joseph Meister bitten by a mad wolf in an identical way and saved him. Therefore vaccine against rabies was developed. Vaccines are preparations which upon administration to an animal or man induce active immunity against diseases. This procedure of immunization is termed as vaccination. Vaccines might contain killed cells or attenuated organisms or their products or components of a microorganism causing a disease. Antitetanus serum (i.e., ATS) and Tetanus toxoid are employed against tetanus.
Joseph Lister (1827 to 1912), a young British surgeon provides indirect evidence that microorganisms were responsible for wound infection. Following the work of Pasteur on the participation of microorganisms on fermentation and Putrefaction Lister generated a system of antiseptic surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds. He reasoned that surgical sepsis may be the outcome of microbial infection of the tissues exposed during operation. He generated techniques for preventing the access of microorganisms to surgical wounds. On August 12, 1862 an 11 year boy James Greenlees was brought to the Royal Infirmary where Joseph Lister was working as a surgeon. James was hit by a Horse-drawn cart.
Lister splinted the broken bone and continually dressed the wound in bandages soaked in phenol solution. Six weeks afterward the broken fragments of bone had turn out to be reunited by new growth and James was discharged from the hospital with sound health. This approach was successful and changed the whole procedure of surgery. Lister sterilized the instruments by heat and sprayed diluted phenol over surgical region and prevented the microbial contamination.
Pasteur contributed appreciably to the emergence of immunology with his work on vaccines for cholera and rabies. All along with Jenner and Pasteur the Russian Zoologist Elie Metchnikoff (1845 - 1916) was a pioneer in Immunology. It was thought in 1880’s that the immunity was due to non-cellular substances in the blood. Metchnikoff discovered that certain blood leukocytes could engulf disease causing bacteria. He named such cells as phagocytes. The recognition of phagocytes against invading microorganisms was the primary step in immunology. Metchnikoff was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1908 for his work on phagocytes and immunology.
Latest technology based Biology Online Tutoring Assistance
Tutors, at the www.tutorsglobe.com, take pledge to provide full satisfaction and assurance in General Microbiology help via online tutoring. Students are getting 100% satisfaction by online tutors across the globe. Here you can get homework help for General Microbiology, project ideas and tutorials. We provide email based General Microbiology help. You can join us to ask queries 24x7 with live, experienced and qualified online tutors specialized in General Microbiology. Through Online Tutoring, you would be able to complete your homework or assignments at your home. Tutors at the TutorsGlobe are committed to provide the best quality online tutoring assistance for Microbiology Homework help and assignment help services. They use their experience, as they have solved thousands of the Biology assignments, which may help you to solve your complex issues of General Microbiology. TutorsGlobe assure for the best quality compliance to your homework. Compromise with quality is not in our dictionary. If we feel that we are not able to provide the homework help as per the deadline or given instruction by the student, we refund the money of the student without any delay.
tutorsglobe.com regulation by respiratory mechanism assignment help-homework help by online buffers tutors
www.tutorsglobe.com offers chemical kinetics homework help, chemical kinetics assignment help, online tutoring assistance, physical chemistry solutions by online qualified tutor's help.
tutorsglobe.com germ line cell gene therapy assignment help-homework help by online gene therapy tutors
Evolution tutorial all along with the key concepts of Definition of Evolution, Explanation of Evolution, History of Evolution, Darwin and Natural Selection, Evidence for Evolution and Theory of Evolution Controversy
tutorsglobe.com basic economics sense assignment help-homework help by online nature and scope of economics tutors
tutorsglobe.com chemical properties of halogen family assignment help-homework help by online halogen family tutors
tutorsglobe.com gastro intestinal hormones assignment help-homework help by online digestion of nucleic acids tutors
Stability of Proteins tutorial all along with the key concepts of Protein Folding, Forces which Stabilize Protein, Hydrophobic Interaction, Hydrogen Bonding, Electrostatic Interaction, Protein Denaturation and Denaturating Agents
Capacity utilisation cost audit program - the idle ability in any production shop or of transport make easy for distribution is not excessive.
tutorsglobe.com scheduling assignment help-homework help by online operating system tutors
Filter Circuits tutorial all along with the key concepts of Shunt Capacitor Filter, Load Current, Diode Current, Effect of increasing filter capacitance, Series inductor filter, Choke Input or L-C Filter, Ripple Factor, Bleeder Resistor
tutorsglobe.com xerophytes assignment help-homework help by online hydrophytes-mesophytes-xerophytes tutors
Theory and lecture notes of Determining Internal Node Values all along with the key concepts of Variational Principles, finite element solution, Application to the steady state heat equation. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Determining Internal Node Values
www.tutorsglobe.com offers available operations homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by computer science tutors.
modern periodic law tutorial all along with the key concepts of long form of the periodic table, nomenclature of elements
1946872
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1488948
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!