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superheated steamwhen the dry saturated steam is heated further at constant pressure the temperature of it rises up above the saturation temperature
dryness fraction of steamdryness fraction of steam is factor which used to specify the quality of steam it can be defined as the ratio of weight of
dryness fraction measurementsensible heat of water or heat of liquid or enthalpy of liquid hsol it is quantity of heat which is required to raise
need of a spectrophotometerthe specific instructions will differ with other models but the principles remain1 the instrument must have been warm for
spinal fluid collection spinal fluid is usually obtained from lumbar region although may be obtained during surgery from the cervical region
feces collectionsmall aliquots of feces are frequently analyzed to detect the presence of hidden blood so called occult blood which is recognized as
urine preservatives - specimen collectionurine preservatives preservatives have different roles but are usually added to reduce bacterial action or
arterial puncture - specimen collectionarterial puncture this requires special skill and usually performed only by physicianthe preferred site
thermal efficiency and compression ratiocalculate thermal efficiency and compression ratio for automobile working on otto cycle if energy generated
disadvantages of two stroke enginethe following are some of the disadvantages of two stroke engine when compared with four stroke engine1 as firing
advantages of two stroke engine over a four stroke enginethe advantages of two stroke engine over a four stroke engine are stated below1 a two stroke
compare two stroke with four stroke enginetwo stroke enginein two stroke engine all the four operation that is suction compression ignition and
compare petrol engine with diesel engine with each otheri basic cycle petrol engine work on otto cycle whereas diesel engine work on diesel cyclesii
air standard cycles - thermodynamicsmost of the power plant operates in the thermodynamic cycle that is the working fluid undergoes a series of
indicator diagram and indicated poweran indicated diagram is graph between pressure and volume the former being taken on the vertical axis and latter
stroke and clearance volumestrokethe distance traveled by piston from the topmost positions of it also called top dead centre tdc to its bottom most
bore - thermodynamicsthe inner diameter of engine cylinder is called as bore it can be measured by a vernier calliper or bore gauge as engine
classification of ic enginesic engines are classified as follows1 nature of thermodynamic cycles as otto cycle engine diesel cycle engine and dual
internal combustion engine - thermodynamicsinternal combustion engine is popularly known as ic engine is heat engine that converts the heat energy
condition for carnot theorem - thermodynamics1 if t1 t2 no work 02 higher the temperature difference greater the efficiency3 for the
carnot theoremno heat engine operating in cycle between the two given thermal reservoir having fixed temperature can be more efficient than
equivalent of kelvin plank and clausius statementthe kelvin plank and clausius statements of the second law and are equivalent in all the respect the
essence of second lawsol first law deals with conservation and conversion of energy but it fails to state the conditions under which the energy
mass flow rate m in absence of any mass getting stored system we can write mass flow rate at inlet mass flow rate at outletthat is mf1
control surface and flow work - thermodynamicscontrol surface a control system has control volume that is separated from its surrounding by real or