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carnot theoremno heat engine operating in cycle between the two given thermal reservoir having fixed temperature can be more efficient than
equivalent of kelvin plank and clausius statementthe kelvin plank and clausius statements of the second law and are equivalent in all the respect the
essence of second lawsol first law deals with conservation and conversion of energy but it fails to state the conditions under which the energy
mass flow rate m in absence of any mass getting stored system we can write mass flow rate at inlet mass flow rate at outletthat is mf1
control surface and flow work - thermodynamicscontrol surface a control system has control volume that is separated from its surrounding by real or
relationship between two specific heat sol dq du dw for a perfect gasdq at constant pressuredu at constant volume mcvdt mcvt2 - t1dw at
joules law and enthalpy - thermodynamicsjoules lawjoules law experiment is based on the constant volume process and it state that ie of perfect gas
specific heatthe specific heat of a solid or liquid can be usually defined as heat required for raising unit mass through one degree temperature
limitations of first law of thermodynamicsthere are some limitations of first law of thermodynamics1 when a closed system undergoes thermodynamic
corollaries of first law of thermodynamicsfirst law of thermodynamics has significant corollariescorollary 1 first law for processthere exists
first law for closed system undergoing change of state - thermodynamicsin accordance to first law when system undergoes a thermodynamic process
first law for closed system undergoing cyclein accordance to first law when a closed system undergoes thermodynamic cycle the net heat transfer is
first law of thermodynamicsthe first law of thermodynamics states that work and heat are equally convertible the present tendency is to include all
requirement of temperature scalethe temperature scale on which temperature of the system can be read is required to assign the numerical values to
temperature measurement by using thermometersto measure temperature at temperature scale should be devised assigning arbitrary numbers to a known
concept of temperaturethe temperature is thermal state of body which describes the degree of hotness or coldness of body if the two bodies are
normal temperature and pressure ntpthe conditions of temperature and pressure at 0degc 273k and 760 mm of hg respectively are called normal
comparison between work and heat - thermodynamicsthere are a number of similarities between heat and work1 both heat and work are transient phenomena
work - thermodynamicsthe work can be defined as followswork is defined as energy transferred across the boundary of a system due to an intensive
heatsol heat can be energy transferred across the boundary of a system because of temperature difference between system and surrounding the heat is
total energytotal energy possessed by system is the sum of all types of stored energy thus it will be given byetotal pe ke u mgh 12mv2
internal energy uit is the energy possessed by the system on account of its configurations and motion of atoms and molecules not like potential
potential energy pethe energy possessed by body or system by virtue of its position above the datum level the work done is because of its falling on
energy - thermodynamicsthe energy can be defined as the capacity of doing work the energy possessed by system may be of two kinds1 stored energy for
convert following reading of pressure to kpa supposing that the barometer reads 760mm hg1 90cm hg gauge 2 40cm hg vacuum 3 12m h2o gaugesol given