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what is smoke testing smoke testing is a combined approach that is generally used when shrinkwrapped software products are being
q longitudinal steel ndash an enhancement of shear strength furthermore to shear resistance provided by shear reinforcement shear forces in a
q define lap length of reinforcementin some structural codes lap length of reinforcement is simplified to be a certain percentage eg 25 higher than
q lifting hoops in precast concrete - mild steel vs high yield steel strength of high yield steel is undoubtedly higher than mild steel and therefore
joint filler in concrete expansion joints - a mustpresence of joint filler is required to the proper functioning of concrete joints however some may
q indirect tensile strength in water-retaining structures crack width formation is dependent on the early tensile strength of concrete principle of
q what do you mean by ggbs ndash cement replacementfrom structural point of view ggbs replacement enhances higher durability lower heat of hydration
q formation of pedestrian level winds around buildingswhen a building blocks the wind blowing across it part of the wind will escape over the top of
effect of rusting on steel reinforcement corrosion of steel reinforcement inside a concrete structure is undesirable in the subsequent ways i
effect of concrete placing temperature on early thermal movementrate of hydration of cement paste is related to placing temperature of concrete rate
q disadvantages of excessive concrete coversin reinforced concrete structures cover is generally provided to protect steel reinforcement from
differences between epoxy grout cement grout and cement mortarepoxy grout comprises epoxy resin epoxy hardener and aggregatessandas a matter of fact
q concrete cover to enhance fire resistancein the event of exposing concrete structures to a fire a temperature gradient is established across the
q corrosion protection of lifting anchors in precast concretecorrosion of lifting anchors in precast concrete units has to be prevented since the
q what is critical steel ratiocritical steel ratio - only consider 250mm of concrete from outer facethe purpose of critical steel ratio is to control
crack width limitation lt05mm control reinforcement corrosionin many standards and code of practice of numerous countries allowable size of crack
q coating on concrete ndash complete im-permeability to moisturein designing protective coating on concrete structures stoppage of water ingress by
bonding performance to concrete epoxy-coated bars vs galvanized bars based on the findings of ceb bulletin 211 the bonding of galvanized bars to
q show the process of waterproofing for bridge deckswaterproofing materials such as membranes are applied on top of bridge deck surface
q illustrate truss with k-bracing in the arrangement of triangulated framework in truss structures its more economical to design longer members as
q why we need transition slabs in bridgesin a number of designs transition slabs are provided on the approach to bridges for example soils in
stress corrosion of pre-stressing steelstress corrosion is crystalline cracking of metals under tensile stresses in the presence of corrosive agents
spalling reinforcement for pre stressing works in anchor blocksreinforcement of anchor blocks in prestressing works usuallycomprises equilibrium
q explain shear stiffness in elastomeric bearingfor elastomeric bearing shear stiffness is a significant parameter for design since it influences the
shear lag in typical box-girder bridge for multiple-cell box girders there are normally two arrangements first one is that independent cells are