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reinforcement of concrete in contact with internal vibrators at the time of concreting if internal vibrators are placed accidentally in contact
q calculation of crack widths arising from thermal movementin the calculation of thermal movement the below formula is used in most codeswmaxs x a x
q purpose of setting minimum amount of longitudinal steel areas for columnsin some design codes it specifies that area of longitudinal steel
q show the differences between ggbs and pfathe use of ggbs as substitute of cement improves smaller reliance on pfa particularly ggbs is supposed to
q use of pfa and ggbsboth pfa and ggbs are by-products of industry and use of them is ecologically friendly most significantly with pfa and gbs
q pulverized fly ash as cement replacementpulverized fly ash is a type of pozzolans it is analuminous or siliceous material that possesses no binding
q what is over vibration of fresh concretefor proper compaction of concrete by immersion vibrators vibrating part of the vibrators must be completely
q what do you mean by no fines concretesometimes no fines concrete is used in houses due to its good thermal insulation properties essentially no
q mechanism of plastic settlement in fresh concretewithin a few hours after placing of fresh concrete plastic concrete can experience cracking due to
q mild steel and high yield steel in water-retaining structurein designing water-retaining structures movement joints may be installed in parallel
q minimum and maximum area of reinforcementminimum area of reinforcement vs maximum area of reinforcementbeams can be designed to be larger than
q minimum and maximum distance between barsminimum distance between bars and maximum distance between bars in some codes a minimum distance amid bars
movement accommodation factor is normally specified by manufacturers of joint sealants for designers to design dimension of joints it is stated as
measurement of cement and aggregates - by weight vs by volumemeasurement of constituents for concrete is usually carried out by weight since of the
q location of construction jointsconstruction joints are generally required in construction works since there is limited supply of fresh concrete in
what is smoke testing smoke testing is a combined approach that is generally used when shrinkwrapped software products are being
q longitudinal steel ndash an enhancement of shear strength furthermore to shear resistance provided by shear reinforcement shear forces in a
q define lap length of reinforcementin some structural codes lap length of reinforcement is simplified to be a certain percentage eg 25 higher than
q lifting hoops in precast concrete - mild steel vs high yield steel strength of high yield steel is undoubtedly higher than mild steel and therefore
joint filler in concrete expansion joints - a mustpresence of joint filler is required to the proper functioning of concrete joints however some may
q indirect tensile strength in water-retaining structures crack width formation is dependent on the early tensile strength of concrete principle of
q what do you mean by ggbs ndash cement replacementfrom structural point of view ggbs replacement enhances higher durability lower heat of hydration
q formation of pedestrian level winds around buildingswhen a building blocks the wind blowing across it part of the wind will escape over the top of
effect of rusting on steel reinforcement corrosion of steel reinforcement inside a concrete structure is undesirable in the subsequent ways i
effect of concrete placing temperature on early thermal movementrate of hydration of cement paste is related to placing temperature of concrete rate