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q disadvantages of excessive concrete coversin reinforced concrete structures cover is generally provided to protect steel reinforcement from
differences between epoxy grout cement grout and cement mortarepoxy grout comprises epoxy resin epoxy hardener and aggregatessandas a matter of fact
q concrete cover to enhance fire resistancein the event of exposing concrete structures to a fire a temperature gradient is established across the
q corrosion protection of lifting anchors in precast concretecorrosion of lifting anchors in precast concrete units has to be prevented since the
q what is critical steel ratiocritical steel ratio - only consider 250mm of concrete from outer facethe purpose of critical steel ratio is to control
crack width limitation lt05mm control reinforcement corrosionin many standards and code of practice of numerous countries allowable size of crack
q coating on concrete ndash complete im-permeability to moisturein designing protective coating on concrete structures stoppage of water ingress by
bonding performance to concrete epoxy-coated bars vs galvanized bars based on the findings of ceb bulletin 211 the bonding of galvanized bars to
q show the process of waterproofing for bridge deckswaterproofing materials such as membranes are applied on top of bridge deck surface
q illustrate truss with k-bracing in the arrangement of triangulated framework in truss structures its more economical to design longer members as
q why we need transition slabs in bridgesin a number of designs transition slabs are provided on the approach to bridges for example soils in
stress corrosion of pre-stressing steelstress corrosion is crystalline cracking of metals under tensile stresses in the presence of corrosive agents
spalling reinforcement for pre stressing works in anchor blocksreinforcement of anchor blocks in prestressing works usuallycomprises equilibrium
q explain shear stiffness in elastomeric bearingfor elastomeric bearing shear stiffness is a significant parameter for design since it influences the
shear lag in typical box-girder bridge for multiple-cell box girders there are normally two arrangements first one is that independent cells are
reason of loading on alternative s to obtain maximum positive moment in a of a continuous beam to attain a maximum sagging moment in a
q purpose of dowel bars in elastomeric bearingelastomeric bearing is generallycategorized into two types free andfixed for fixed types bridge deck is
q what are the parasitic forces for prestressingin statically determinate structures prestressing forces will cause the concrete structures to end
q show the overlays on concrete bridge deckafter years of servicing some overlays can be applied on the top surface of bridges overlays on concrete
q one-way pre stressing vs two-way pre stressingat the time of pre-stressing operation at one end frictional losses will take place and the
q local scour at obstructions in riverswhen the water flow in river is deflected by obstructions such as bridge piers scouring would occur arising
q show the limitations of grillage analysisin designing the number of cells for concrete box girder bridges in case depth of a box girder bridge
q knife edge loads ndash representation of wheel axlesin bs5400 traffic loads for ha loading are given by uniformly distributed loads along loaded
presence of bridge piers across a stream causes constricted flow in the openings due to the decrease of width of stream owing to presence of the
q show the earth pressure on abutmentthe magnitude of earth pressure coefficient in calculating the earth pressure on bridge abutment