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Define the term proteinuria? Describe why proteinuria is a sign of glomerular renal injury?
Describe the main transformation presented by glomerular filtrate in comparison to blood?
Name the three main renal processes which combined generate urine?
Describe the functional unity of kidneys?
Name the vessels which drain filtered blood from the kidneys?
Name the vessels which carry blood to the kidneys? Is this blood venous or arterial?
Write the organs of excretory system? Answer: The excretory system is made up of bladder, two kidneys, two ureters and urethra.
How is urea made in the human body?
Name the main nitrogen waste of the humans? Answer: Human beings excrete mostly urea removed with the urine.
How embryos of placental mammals excrete the nitrogen wastes?
Explain why uricotelic excretion necessary for avian and reptile embryos? Answer: In birds and reptiles the excretory system is uricotelic as uric acid is insoluble, less toxic and appropriate to be
Name the nitrogen waste in amphibian larvae and in an adult animal? Answer: As amphibian larvae are aquatic they excrete ammonia. While terrestrial adult excretes urea.
Comparing the toxicity and requirement for dilution in water how dissimilar are the ureotelic and the uricotelic excretions? Give some illustrations of animals which present such respective kinds of e
Why subsequent to the passage of animals from aquatic to the terrestrial habitat does the desertion of the ammoniotelic excretion take place?
Name the most ammoniotelic beings aquatic animals?
Name the three main kinds of nitrogen wastes excreted by living-beings?
Define the term nitrogen wastes? Answer: Nitrogen wastes are residuals, derived from the degradation of proteins. They are made up from chemical transformation of amine group of the amino acid molecu
Describe the term excretion? Answer: Excretion in Physiology is the process of removal of metabolic wastes and other toxic materials from the body.
Explain how heart contraction triggered?
Regarding the mixture of arterial with venous blood what is the basic difference between the adult and human fetal circulation?
Determine the number of chambers does the bird heart and the mammalian heart consists of? Regarding temperature maintenance what is the benefit of the double and complete circulation of such animals?
What is the basic difference between the reptile and amphibian heart?
Why the amphibian circulation is categorized as double and incomplete?
Determine the heart chambers does the amphibian heart encompass? Answer: Amphibian heart consists of three heart chambers as: two atria and one ventricle.
Why is the fish circulation categorized as a complete and simple circulation?