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  Tongue

Tongue:

In humans the taste buds are found only in the mouth and are rich in the tongue. They are distributed over the dorsal and beneath surface of the tongue, on the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis, pharynx and on the cheek.

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                                                     Figure: Taste region of the tongue

Each taste bud takes up the whole thickness of the epithelium. There is an opening on its free surface termed as the pore canal. Taste buds are in abundant at birth and their number reduces with age. Taste sensation and allocation of taste cells:-

There are four main or fundamental tastes. They are sweet, salt, sour and bitter. Alkaline and metallic taste is also at times involved. Taste buds mediating the four main tastes are localized in certain areas on the tongue. The taste bud susceptible to bitter taste is at the back of the tongue. Those for sour tastes are on the lateral surface. Those mediating salt is at the anterior portion of the dorsum near the tip. The taste bud susceptible to sweet is close to the tip. The taste buds in the palate respond to sour and bitter taste though have some sensitivity to sweet and salt. The pharynx and epiglottis are not susceptible to all four tastes. It is found that both sweet and salt are insensitive to taste in these areas.

 

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