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  Alcohols Nomenclature Homework Help - K-12 Grade Level, College Level Chemistry

Introduction to Alcohol Nomenclature

Functional groups are usually designated in one of two ways, in the IUPAC system of nomenclature. The existence of the function may be point out by a feature suffix and a location number. This is general for the carbon-carbon double and triple bonds which have the particular suffixes yne and ene. Alternatively, Halogens, that do not have a suffix and are termed as substituents, for an instance: (CH3)2C=CHCHClCH3 is 4-chloro-2-methyl-2-pentene. If you are not sure about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature you should reconsider them now.
By the first procedure alcohols are generally named and are entitled by an ol suffix, like in ethanol, CH3CH2OH (note: a locator number is not required on a two-carbon chain). On longer chains location of the hydroxyl group decides chain numbering. For an instance: (CH3)2C=CHCH(OH)CH3 is 4-methyl-3-penten-2-ol. Other examples of IUPAC nomenclature are displayed below, simultaneously with the common names frequently used for some of the simpler compounds. For the mono-functional alcohols, this ordinary system contains naming the alkyl group that is followed by the word alcohol. Alcohols may also be categorized as primary, 1º, secondary, 2º & tertiary, 3º, in similar way as alkyl halides. This terminology consider to alkyl substitution of the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group (colored blue in the illustration).

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Several functional groups have a feature suffix designator and only one such type of suffix (other than "ene" and "yne") may be employed in a name. When the hydroxyl functional group is exists together with a function of higher nomenclature priority, it must be located and cited through the prefix hydroxy and an appropriate number. For instance, lactic acid has the IUPAC name 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.

Compounds incorporating a C-S-H functional group are termed as mercaptans or thiols . The IUPAC name of (CH3)3C-SH is 2-methyl-2-propanethiol, generally called tert-butyl mercaptan. The chemistry of thiols will not be explained here, other than to note that they are stronger acids and more powerful nucleophiles than alcohols.

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