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  Degradation of phospholipids by enzymes

Degradation of phospholipids by enzymes:

Degradation of phospholipids are efficiently catalysed via a group of hydrolytic enzymes termed as phospholipases. Phospholipases are categorized into four main types that are

1. Phospholipase A1 ,
2. Phospholipase A2 ,
3. Phospholipase C
4. Phospholipase D.

The categorization is based upon their cleavage specificity.

Lysolecithin formation:

Lecithin is hydrolysed via the enzyme lecithinase. The lecithinases are as well termed as phospholipases. While lecithin is acted upon via the enzyme phospholipase A2 it is transformed into lysolecithin and a free fatty acid.

274_lysolecithin.jpg

Lysolecithin might also be created by an alternative route including lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase. This enzyme is synthesized in liver and located in plasma in considerable quantity. This enzyme transmits the fatty acid moiety from the lecithin to the cholesterol to create cholesterol ester. Lysolecithin accounts very much of the cholesterol ester in plasma.

435_lysolecithin formula.jpg


 Effects of lysolecithin

Lecithinases are particular enzymes that hydrolyse lecithins to create free fatty acids, phosphoric acid, glycerol, and choline. A lecithinase in cobra venom readily expands an unsaturated fatty acid in lecithin generating “lysolecithin”. Like the name explains, lysolecithin is a potent red blood cell hemolysing agent. This is the description of the toxicity of snake venom, bee-sting and specific poisonous spiders.

 

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