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  Theories of Coordination Compounds

Theories of Coordination Compounds:

Werner’s Theory:

Alfred Werner (1866-1919) French born Swiss chemist introduced the modern theory on coordination compounds. His hypothesis and pioneering experimental work on metal complexes won for him the Nobel Prize for chemistry in the year 1913. Werner was the primary inorganic chemist to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry. He is believed at “Father of coordination chemistry”.

Brief notions of Werner’s theory of coordination compounds Alfred Werner studied the structure of coordination complexes and place forward his ideas in 1893 that were termed as ‘Werner’s coordination theory.

Postulates of Werner’s theory:

1) Each metal atom has two kinds of valencies.

i) Primary valency or ionisable valency
ii) Secondary valency or non-ionisable valency

2) The primary valency communicates to the oxidation state of the metal ion. The primary valency of the metal ion is forever pleased by negative ions.

3) Secondary valency corresponds to the coordination number of the metal atom or ion. The secondary valencies might be satisfied by either negative ions or neutral molecules.

4) The molecules or ion which satisfies secondary valencies are termed as ligands.

5) The ligands that satisfy secondary valencies should project in definite directions in space. Therefore the secondary valencies are directional in nature while the primary valencies are non-directional in nature.

6) The ligands contain unshared pair of electrons. These unshared pair of electrons are contributed to central metal atom or ion in a compound. Such compounds are termed as coordination compounds.

Werner’s representation:

Werner symbolized the first member of the series [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 as shown below. In this presentation, the primary valency (i.e., dotted lines) is satisfied by the 3 chloride ions. The 6 secondary valencies (i.e., solid lines) are satisfied by the 6 ammonia molecules.

1930_werner.jpg

Defects of Werner’s theory:

Werner’s theory explains the structures of many coordination compounds effectively. Though, it does not elucidate the magnetic and spectral properties.

 

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