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  Predicting the kind of Hybridization

Tips to Predict the kind of Hybridization in a Molecule or Ion (i.e., apart from Complex Ions):

Step 1:

Add the number of valence electrons of total atoms present in the given molecule or ion.

Step 2:

In case of cation, subtract the number of electrons equivalent to the charge on the cation and in case of an anion, add number of electrons equivalent to the charge on the anion.

Step 3:

(i) If the outcome acquired in step 2 is less than 8, then divide it by 2 and determine the sum of the quotient and remainder.

(ii) If the outcome acquired in step 2 lies between 9 and 56, then divide it by 8 and determine the first quotient (Q1). Divide the remainder R1 (when any) by 2 and find the second quotient (Q2). Add all quotients and the final remainder (R2).

Assume the final result acquired in (i) or (ii) be X. The type of hybridization is decided by the value of X as shown below:

Illustration:

i) BeCl2:

Total valence electrons = 2 + 7 × 2 = 16
16/8 = 2(Q1) + Zero (R1); X = 2
∴ Hybridization = sp

ii) H2O:

Total valence electrons =2 + 6 = 8; X = 8/2 = 4
∴ Hybridization = sp3

iii) NO2- ion:

Total valence electrons =5+ 2 × 6 = 17
Charge = -1. Total electrons = 17 + 1 = 18
18/8 = 2(Q1) + 2 (R1); 2/2 = 1(Q2) + 0 (R2); X = 2+1+0=3
∴ Hybridization = sp2

 

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