Hybridization

Hybridization:

Hybridization is the notion of intermixing of the orbitals of an atom containing nearly similar energy to give exactly equivalent orbitals with similar energy, alike shapes and symmetrical orientations in space.

The new equal orbitals formed are termed as the hybrid orbitals or hybridized orbitals. Hybrid orbitals have properties completely different from the properties of the original orbitals from which they have been acquired.

Salient Features regarding Hybridization:

1) Orbitals included in hybridization must have nearly similar energy.

2) The orbitals of one and the same atom take part in hybridization.

3) The number of hybrid orbitals produced is equivalent to the number of hybridizing orbitals.

4) The hybrid orbitals are all equal in energy and shape.

5) A hybrid orbital that is taking part in bond formation should have one electron in it.

6) Due to the electronic repulsions among the hybrid orbitals, they tend to stay at the maximum distance separately.

7) The head on overlap of atomic orbitals provide sigma (i.e., σ) bonds.

8) The sidewise or lateral overlap of atomic orbitals gives pi (i.e., π) bonds.

 

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