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  Conductor Materials

Generally employed Conductor Materials: Copper and Aluminium

Copper:

1) Pure copper is one of the finest conductors of electricity and the conductivity of it is extremely sensitive to impurities.

2) Copper is reddish-brown in colour.

3) Copper is malleable and ductile.

4) It can be welded at red heat.

5) Copper is extremely resistant to corrosion.

6) Copper's Melting point is 10840C

7) Particular gravity of copper is 8.9.

8) Copper's Electrical resistivity is 1.682 micro ohm cm.

9) Copper's tensile strength varies from 3 to 4.7 tonnes/cm2.

10) Copper forms important alloys such as bronze and gun-metal.

Copper is extremely widely employed in cables, wires, windings of generators and transformers, bus bars, overhead conductors. Hard (cold-drawn) copper conductor is mechanically strong along with tensile strength of 40 kg/mm2. It is acquired through drawing cold copper bars into conductor length. It is employed for overhead line conductors and bus bars. Annealed copper (Soft Copper) conductor is mechanically weak comprising a tensile strength of 20 kg/mm2. It can be simply shaped into whichever form. Low-resistivity Hard Copper is employed in power cables, windings, and coils like an insulated conductor. It contain extreme flexibility and high conductivity.

Aluminium:

1) Pure aluminium comprises silvery colour and polish. It presents high resistance to corrosion.

2) Aluminium's electrical conductivity is next only to that of copper.

3) Aluminium is ductile and malleable.

4) Aluminium's electrical resistivity is 2.669 µΩ- cm (micro ohm- cm) at 200C 

5) Aluminium is good conductor of heat and electricity.

6) Aluminium's specific gravity is 2.7. 

7) Aluminium's melting point is 6580C.

8) Aluminium forms useful alloys along with iron, copper, zinc and other metals.

9) Aluminium cannot be soldered or welded easily.

Aluminium is most frequently employed as overhead transmission conductors, bus bars, ACRS conductors. Well suitable for cold climate.

Comparison of Copper and Aluminium like conductors for Power Transmission Lines:

Copper

Aluminium

A. Metal is costly

Metal is cheap

B. 100% conductivity

75% conductivity

C. Good resistance to corrosion

Good resistance to corrosion

D. Heavier as compared to aluminium

Lighter as compared to copper

E. Good ductility and malleability

Good ductility and malleability

F. Excellent soldering and welding capacity

Poor solder ability and weld

G. Less suitable for low temperature

Ability Well suited to cold climate

H. Very small cross-section can transmit heavy current.

Cross-section should be 50 percent more to carry the same current as that of copper.

I. Due to softness and flexibility, it can easily be twisted repeatedly.

Because of brittleness, cannot be twisted.

J. The wind pressure and weight of snow is less due to smaller cross-section.

The wind pressure and weight of snow is more due to higher cross-section.

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