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  Protoplasmic fusion

Protoplasmic fusion:

Protoplast fusion makes easy mixing of two genomes and could be exploited in crosses that are not possible through the conventional techniques because of incompatibility. Although transfer of a single gene from one plant to other is desirable and protoplast fusion makes easy monitoring of cell genetic changes. Protoplast fusion could be spontaneous throughout isolation of protoplast or it can be induced through mechanical, physical and chemical means.

The isolated protoplasts are maintained in isotonic solution (mannitol and enzyme mixture) to avoid damage. The isolated parent protoplasts are fused along with a fusogenic agent such as Polyethylene glycol (PEG). It is followed through the nuclear fusion and results in a somatic hybrid. The somatic hybrids are permitted to grow in similar culture medium. The fused protoplasts after that induced to re produce the cell wall through transferring it into a suitable medium. This is followed through callus formation that leads to regeneration and organization of tissues.
Practical applications of protoplasmic fusion

Because of the presence of incompatibility prevailing among the different species, protoplasmic fusion very much compensates for interspecific hybridization. Somatic hybrids among the rice and carrot were generated only by the process of protoplasmic fusion. Somatic hybrids might be employed for gene transfer, transfer of cytoplasm and making of helpful allopolyploids.

 

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