Biology in Human Welfare

Biology in Human Welfare:

The human population of world that was only one billion during the year 1850 had arrived at 6.1 billion around year 2000. This remarkable increase in population, otherwise termed as ‘population explosion’ has created its influence not only on the environment but as well on food production.

Half of this 6.1 billion people survive in poverty and 1/5 of this population suffers because of malnutrition. Rise in population, unexpected industrialization and migration in the direction of cities and urban areas has resulted in the degradation of the environment.  The current agricultural practices have polluted cultivable land chemically, physically, and biologically. The gross productivity is regularly being reduced. These issues lead to the shrinkage of the agricultural lands and a fall in production of agricultural.

Food production:

To fight the hazard of hunger and malnutrition, we require crops with greater yield and enhanced nutritive value. The quantity and quality of crops can be enhanced through modern scientific methods by genetic manipulation known as genetic engineering. Though, the time old concept of breeding plants either intraspecific or interspecific to take out the best hybrid plant in plant breeding programmers still stay in vogue even today. Efforts are being produced by ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) and another related organizations in our country to enhance food production.

A plant breeder strives to obtain a group of plants or a range with appropriate combination of genes which provides better yield and enhanced quality within a specific set of environmental conditions.  A single species is a group of assemblage of countless no. of genetic types like lines, strains, etc. The strains are checked in several climatic conditions; successful ones are multiplied, named, and distributed like a range or cultivar example Oryza sativa Co.15, ADT. 16.

 

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