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How can I make notes with bullet points in this paragraph? Hormones and Social Behavior Hormones are also biological contributors to gender differences and gender typing. Hormones associated with sexual characteristics and reproductive functions are present in differing concentrations in males and females beginning in infancy. Testosterone is the principal and most potent male hormone. Estrogen and progesterone are the principal female hormones. Each sex has a great deal of its own hormones and a small amount of the other sex's hormones; that is, males402 Chapter 10 Sex and Gender have a high level of testosterone and a low level of estrogen and progesterone, and females have a high level of estrogen and progesterone and a low level of testosterone. These hormones organize the fetus's biological and psychological predispositions to be masculine or feminine, and a hormone surge in puberty activates these early predispositions (Hines, 2004, 2011, 2015). The contributions hormones make to the social behaviors of males and females have been clearly demonstrated in animal studies. When researchers injected pregnant monkeys with testosterone during the second quarter of pregnancy, for example, the monkeys' female offspring exhibited social behavior patterns characteristic of male monkeys, such as threatening gestures, mounting behavior, and rough-and-tumble play (Young et al., 1967). Need Assignment Help?