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q what is auto-ignition temperatureauto-ignition temperature ait - the auto-ignition temperature is the temperature at which a product will burn
q explain about active fire protectionactive fire protection - a fire fighting system that is normally dormant and is activated automatically upon
q principal design criterion of plant layoutsafety-in-design is a key factor associated with the layout design of any facility the principal design
q plant layout and equipment spacinglayout refers to the location of plants and processpower units within the plants and associated utilities or
q calculate flange stressesstep 1 calculate flange stresses for system design conditions using existing gasket dimensions the minimum width of the
q show the procedure of compute flange stressescompute flange stresses and the actual bolt stress using-colt values for gasket seating stress lsquoy
q what is bolt elongationthe required bolt elongation delta1 may be calculated by the equation 7delta1 325 10-8 sb l0 in7where l0 is the
q determine the bolt torquethe value of the bolt torque which will give the desired bolt stress can be calculated from equation the friction
q show bolt materialbolt material must be selected with adequate yield strength at the operating temperature to provide the required strength to
q bolt stress to seat the gasketthe required bolt stress to seat the gasket can be calculated using the recommended gasket seating stress provided by
q leak repair torquing procedureattempt to tighten only the bolts contained within an arc that includes the leak area plus one or two bolts either
q show leak area preparationclearly mark the location of the leak on the flange with a permanent markernotes1 depressurizing hydrocarbon lines in
q ultrasound bolt load monitoringultrasound measurement of bolt stresses using lsquobolt scope should be used onbullall bolts tightened by
q explain double boltingwhere low strength bolts must be used initial bolting with higher strength low temperature bolts may be necessary to minimize
q show gasket compressiongasket compression can also be used as a guide for limiting bolt torquespiral wound gaskets should be compressed to an
q flange assembly with bolt elongation measurementbolt elongation measurement may be used with colt engineering approval at flanges where hydraulic
q flange assembly with bolt tensioningmeasure the free length of the bolts ultrasonically this must be done prior to applying any load to the
q determine the proper torque values from the flangedetermine the proper torque values from the flange closure sheet apply the torque using a hand
q flange assembly with torque measurementselect the proper bolts and gasket for the intended service use only new undamaged gasketslubricate the bolt
before installing a bolt stud or nut threads shall be examined to ensure that there are no incompletely cut threads in the engagement zone both
q minimal external force required to achieve alignmentminimal external force shall be applied to achieve alignment flanged joints not conforming to
q alignment of piping flangesalignment of piping flanges shall be in accordance with asme b165 this code specifies thatbullflange centerline
q determine the extent of imperfection of the gasket surfaceto determine the extent of imperfection of the gasket surface subject to acceptance
q inspection of flange assemblyflanges shall be clean and free of old gasket fragments scratches burrs pits etc if needed the flange surfaces shall
the assembly techniques of bolted connections and bolts and gaskets material selection are closely interrelated consequently they must be treated as