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  Fish Pond

Fish Pond

A successful aquaculture perform with a good harvesting is generally due to appropriate construction preparation and maintenance of the fish pond.

Types of fish ponds:

In the fish farming pond system there can be distinct pond components, viz., nursery, rearing, segregation, production, and breeding or spawning ponds. The area percentage of such ponds in a fish-farming complex can be:

Nursery pond - 3%
Rearing pond - 11%
Production pond - 60%
Segregation pond - 1%
Breeding pond - 25%

Nursery ponds are shallow, whereas the others are fairly deep. In larger production ponds, water can be sustained at a depth of 2 and 3 meters. Fencing around the fish farm, might be constructed for protection.

Preparation of pond

Previous to the culturing of fish, the pond must be conditioned.

1. Conditioning:

A layer of lime (i.e., calcium hydroxide) is spread over the bottom, for 2 weeks. It eliminates the acidity of the soil, facilitates desirable geochemical cycles and kills discarded soil organisms.

Water might be let in slowly after 2 weeks and filled to the desired depth. The quality parameters like oxygen content, temperature, pH, hardness, turbidity, alkalinity and plankton growth must be checked for their optimal levels, previous to stocking the fish.

2. Manuring:

After 15 days of liming, the fertilization is to be completed in order to build up the fish food organisms (i.e., phytoplankton and the zooplankton: macro and micro). Manure might be of organic or chemical nature. Organic manure might be urine or sewage affluent in nitrogenous matter, pig dung, cow dung, poultry manure and plant manure like compost, green manure, oil cake and so on. When the organic carbon is fewer, cow dung for the stocking pond is applied at the rate of 2-3 tonnes/ha. Poultry manure at the rate of 5000 kg/ha is specified to improve zooplankton induction. Use of chemical fertilizers must differ according to the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil.

 

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