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  Dental Caries

Dental Caries (Tooth decay):

Tooth decay is the slow erosion of enamel (i.e., the shielding covering of the tooth) and dentine (i.e., the substance beneath the enamel). Plaque formation is the major cause of tooth decay. The most general sites of preliminary decay are regions where plaque easily becomes trapped, like the grinding surfaces of the back teeth (that have minute grooves in them), the lateral (side) edges of adjacent teeth, and close to the gum line. Plaque consists of food stays, salivary mucus by-products, and the bacteria which live in the mouth.

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                                            Figure: Dental caries

The bacteria feed mostly on the fermentable carbohydrates (i.e., simple sugars and starches) in food, and in breaking them down; generate an acid which slowly destroys enamel, forming a cavity. When the process is not checked, the dentine acquires eroded. The cavity acquires enlarged enabling the bacteria to invade the pulp at the centre of the tooth and causes the infection.

Symptoms:

Early decay does not generally cause any symptoms. The main symptom of advanced decay is tooth ache that might be aggravated by eating much sweet, hot or cold food. Decay might also cause awful breath.

Treatment:

Treatment consists of drilling away the region of decay and filling the cavity with either dental amalgam (i.e., a mercury alloy) or cement (i.e., a composite resin which matches the color of the tooth). In situations of advanced decay, it might be essential to eliminate the infected pulp (i.e., the central, living portion of a tooth) and substitute it with a filling or to extract the tooth.

 

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