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  Proteins

Proteins (Polypeptides):

Proteins are nitrogenous compounds being prepared of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Proteins also have sulphur. In living systems proteins play a significant role in the structural organization example, cell membrane, nails, hairs, and muscles. Most of the proteins serve as enzymes. They are termed as functional proteins.

The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. There are around twenty different kinds of amino acids, like glycine, serine, alanine, valine, leucin, proline and so on. The amino acids are categorized as necessary and non essential amino acids. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized in our body. Therefore they must be made available through food. The essential amino acids are valine, arginine, isoleucine, histidine, lycine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and tryptophan. The non- essential amino acids can be synthesized in our body from other compounds. Such amino acids require not be added in the diet.

A protein or polypeptide chain is formed of some amino acids linked with each other by peptide bonds. This linear arrangement is known as primary organization of a protein. Although in most of the proteins, the straight chain structure gets complex, into secondary, tertiary or quaternary phases. These levels are due to many other chemical bonds. The complicated behavior of a particular protein is specifically needed for its prescribed function. The amino-acids series and level of organization is determined genetically. Therefore the genome gets its significance due to its capability to generate, specific types of protein for bringing out genetic characteristics.

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The daily requisite of protein, according to the Nutrition experts board of ICMR (Indian Council for Medical Research) and WHO (World Health Organization) is 1 gm per kg body weight. Decrease in the intake of protein leads to protein malnutrition, like marasmus and kwashiorkar. In marasmas the child lose its weight and it also causes severe diarrhoea and the body muscles get wasted. It will show as though the bones are covered by the skin. In kwashiorkar there is wastage of muscles. Face and feet will have oedema. The belly area will appear enlarged.

 

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