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  Cultivation culture

Cultivation (culture) of Animal viruses:

Viruses can nurture only in living cells. Though the culture of viruses is possible nowadays. The most convenient and economical technique of cultivating a broad variety of animal viruses is the ‘chicken embryo method’. In this method, fertile chicken eggs incubated for 5 to 12 days are inoculated with the virus particles via the shell, aseptically. The opening might be sealed with paraffin wax. The eggs incubated at 36o C are ultimate sources for the expansion of viruses.

Chick embryos have numerous different kinds of cells in which various viruses will undergo replication. The yolk sac is a common ideal medium for the growth of viruses.

Viral cultures are of three types namely, Primary cell cultures, diploid cell strains and the continuous cell lines.

1. Primary culture:

Primary cell culture is derived from common tissue of an animal like hamster, mouse, chicken and monkey or a human being. Whenever cells from these tissues are processed and cultured the primary monolayer is termed to as the primary culture. The monolayer is a confluent layer of cells enclosing the surface of a culture vessel.

2. Diploid cell strain:
Diploid cell strains are derived by principal cell cultures from particular tissues such as lung or kidney that is of embryonic origin. Such diploid cells are the most used host of option for the production of human vaccine virus.

3. Continuous cell lines:

Continuous cell lines are able for infinite number of doublings. Such cell lines might occur with the mutation of a cell strain or more generally from the established cell cultures from malignant tissue. Most of the viruses that are difficult or not possible to grow have been cultured in continuous cell lines.

 

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