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  Human Genome Project

Human Genome Project (HGP):

Human genome project includes the human genome programs to recognize the genetic composition and genetic instruction which make up a human. The human genome is nothing though the DNA which resides in every human cell. The place and composition of 30,000 (thirty thousand) genes in human have been recognized by sequencing the genome. It is specified that the genes take the information for the synthesis of different proteins. These proteins take up various profiles like enzymes, hormones and antigens that are responsible for different physiological and biochemical functions. The completion of the human genome project, by establishing the DNA sequence of all the 23 pairs of chromosomes is a turning point and a breakthrough in medicine and biology.

Human gene bank or genome database:

Human gene bank or the genome database is a collection of sequenced genes and classification of them for future use. They symbolize the primary data.

Proteomics:

Human genome analysis includes the analysis of proteins. Analyzing various proteins and locating them in cells and recognizing their respective genes, that encode them in the cells, symbolize the science of Proteomics. For recognizing the proteins, the cells, mRNAs are probed. Researchers have identified around 60000 (Sixty thousand) various m-RNAs in human beings. From mRNAs the respective genes or DNA are traced. The above said DNA is termed as cDNA (i.e., Complementary DNA).

In human genome project many disease associated genes have been mapped to particular chromosomal areas.


Protein coding genes:

In the human genome project, proteins of various families that are included in development and cellular processes like homeostasis, neuronal function, immune function and cytoskeletal complexity have been recognized.

Significance and Benefits of HGP:

1. The series of human genome will allow geneticists to cure the killer diseases such as cancer.

2. It might enable us to understand more regarding the diseases and thus to design drugs.

3. HGP helps in diagnosis of defective genes which cause disease.

4. As HGP might serve up as a tool to Eugenical concept, scientists can make superior, disease free human beings in future.

5. It aids in somatic cell gene treatment and germ line gene therapy.

 

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