Control Abstraction

Introduction to Control Abstraction

A programming  language  for software  engineering must  provide a small  but powerful set of control  structures to   describe  the flow  of execution with in  a program unit. A language  must provide primitives  for the  three basic structured programming  constructs sequence,  selection and repetition. There are however considerable variations both in  the syntax and the  semantics of the control structures found  in modern  programming languages.

Early  programming languages  such as FORTRAN in didn't  provide a rich set of control structures. The programming  used a set of low level control structures such  as the  unconditional branch or go to statement and the logical if to express the control flow within  a program. There is  now general  agreement that higher  level  control abstractions  must  be provided and should  consists of;

(a) Selection: Sequence is  used  to select whether a group of statement  should  be executed or not based on the value  of same condition. Ada in common  with  most modern languages provides two basic selection constructs the first  if statement.  Provides one or one  two way selection and  the second  the  case  statement  provides a convenient multiday  selection structure.

(b) Sequence: Sequence is used to  group  together a related set of program statements. This  basic set of primitives fits  in well  with  the top down  philosophy of program  design each  primitive  has a single  entry point  and a single  exit point.

(c) Repetition: Repetition is  used to  repeatedly  execute a group of statement. Control structures for  repetition traditionally fall into two classes. Loop structures where the number of iterations is  fixed and those  where the number of iterations is controlled  by the  evaluation of some  condition.

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