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  Chemical Equilibrium Homework Help - K-12 Grade Level, College Level Chemistry

Introduction of Chemical equilibrium

In this state the concentrations of all products and reactants stay constant with time. There is frantic activity, on the molecular level. The Equilibrium is a highly dynamic situation but not static.

In a chemical reaction, Chemical equilibrium is the state where both products and reactants are present at concentrations that have no further tendency to vary with time. Generally, these state results while the forward reaction proceeds at similar rate like the reverse reaction. The rates of reaction of reverse and forward reactions are normally not zero but equal there are no net variations in the concentrations of the product and reactant. This process is called as dynamic equilibrium.

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Thermodynamics

By considering chemical potentials the relation among the equilibrium constant and Gibbs energy can be found.

At constant pressure and temperature the function G Gibbs free energy for the reaction depends only on the extent of reaction: ξ (Greek letter xi) and can only decrease as per the second law of thermodynamics. Meaning of that is the derivative of the G with ξ must be negative if the reaction happens; at the equilibrium the derivative being equal to zero.

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At the constant volume one must consider the Helmholtz free energy for the reaction: A.

Only the constant pressure case is considered in this discussion. The constant volume case is major in atmospheric and geochemistry chemistry where pressure differences are significant. Note: if products and reactants were in standard state (completely pure) then there would be no reversibility and no equilibrium. The mixing of the reactants and products contributes large entropy that is known as entropy of mixing, to states that containing equal mixture of reactants and products. Combination of standard Gibbs energy change and the Gibbs energy of mixing define the equilibrium state.

Usually an equilibrium system is described by writing an equilibrium equation for the reaction

The equation is as follow:

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Properties of an Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibrium systems are

  • DYNAMIC (in constant motion)
  • REVERSIBLE
  • It can approached from either direction

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