Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments

Photochemistry of Retinal visual Pigments:

Visual Purple or Rhodopsin is a purplish red photosensitive pigment present in the external segment of the rods (i.e., 120 million rods). It is made up of protein segment, an opsin (i.e., scotopsin) joined with an aldehyde of vitamin A termed as rhodopsin is bleached, i.e., broken down to retinene and opsin, though is re-synthesized in the dark. Some of the retinene recombines with scotopsin to form rhodopsin whereas some are decreased to vitamin A. The rods are tremendously sensitive to light and are responsible for vision in the dim light. This is termed as SCOTOPIC VISION.

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Cones also have visual pigments made up of retinene, joined with a protein opsin (i.e., photopsin). Three pigments each responding to various wavelength are found in man. There are three prime colors viz. red, green and blue. The color vision is a function of bright light vision and cones are answerable for color perceptions. In bright light the maximum perception of colors is at the fovea area of the retina where rods are absent and only cones are exist. In dim light whenever the rods in the extra foveal retina function, colors are not perceived and the different colors appear as shades of grey. Cones function in bright light and the system has other acuity and can perceive colors (i.e., PHOTOPIC VISION).

Photochemical base of retinal function is a basis of conversion of light energy into nerve impulses. It is this procedure which excites the nerve fibers and sets up nerve impulses.

The impulses produced in the receptor neurons in response to generator potentials in the cones are understand by the brain as the suitable intermediate color. The interpretation or perception of color pictures seen by our eyes is a complicated function of the brain. It is situated in the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

 

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