Tricarboxylic acid cycle

The Tricarboxylic acid cycle:

The Tricarboxylic acid (i.e., TCA) cycle is so named since of the formation of tricarboxyclic acids such as citric acid and isocitric acids. It is also termed as Sir Kreb’s Citric acid cycle subsequent to its discoverer Hans Krebs or as citric acid cycle. This cycle functions both similar to a catabolic (i.e., breakdown) and also as anabolic (i.e., synthesis) as the pyruvic acid is totally oxidized to CO2 (i.e., catabolic) via numerous intermediates which serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and so on. As both catabolic and anabolic processes take place together in this cycle it is termed as amphibolic cycle. Moreover the series of reactions in this cycle produce energy in the form of ATP and reduced coenzymes molecules (NADH2 and FADH2) which are employed in respiratory chain to produce ATP. This is the technique of energy production by aerobic procedure.

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Figure: Tricarboxylic acid cycle

In TCA cycle a bypass termed as Glyoxalate bypass takes place with the formation of glyoxalate and succinate from isocitric acid. The previous ultimately forms malate by condensation with acetyl CoA. This cycle operates whenever the microorganisms employ 2 carbon compounds such as acetate as sole carbon source or in the oxidation of higher fatty acids cleaved to acetyl CoA without the intermediate pyruvic acid. This pathway does not take place in higher organisms as they do not employ 2 carbon compounds.

 

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