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  Pathogenic Attributes of Bacteria

Pathogenic Attributes of Bacteria:

Human body gives many environmental niches which give food, moisture and warmth essential for growth of a bacterium. Bacteria possess the genetic capacity to attack, adhere or colonize the human body. They also have the capability to degrade the tissues with the help of degradative enzyme to acquire food and escape the host defenses. During their existence in the human body the byproducts of bacterial growth (example, acids, gas) cause harm and troubles for the human host. Most of these genetic traits are virulence factors that enhance the ability of bacteria to cause disease. However many bacteria cause disease by directly demolishing tissue, some liberate toxins, that are then disseminated by the blood to cause system-wide pathogenesis. The structures existed on the surface of bacteria stimulate host responses (i.e., acute phase: interleukin1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor), that can be protective but are frequently the significant causes of the disease symptoms (example, sepsis).

Not all bacteria cause disease, though some always cause disease once infection takes place. The human body is colonized with many microbes that live as normal flora, many of which serve significant functions for their hosts, like aiding in the digestion of food, generating vitamins (example, vitamin K), and protecting the host from colonization with pathogenic microbes. Most of these endogenous bacterial floras reside in sites like the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, skin, and upper respiratory tract. Common flora bacteria cause disease when they enter normally sterile sites of the body. Virulent bacteria contain mechanisms which promote their growth in the host at the expense of the host’s tissue or organ function. Symptoms outcome from the damage or loss of tissue or organ function or the development of host inflammatory responses. Opportunistic bacteria cause disease merely in People with pre-existing conditions that improve their susceptibility. For illustration, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infects burn victims and lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Patients with AIDS are extremely susceptible to variety of infections specifically to intra-cellularly growing pathogens such as mycobacteria.

The symptoms of a disease are established by the function of the tissue affected. All along with this systemic responses, generated by toxins, and host defense responses might also take place. The seriousness of the symptoms depends on the significance of the organ affected and the extent of the damage caused by the infection. Infections of the central nervous system are forever serious. The bacterial strain and inoculums size are also main factors in determining whether disease takes place or not. This can differ from a relatively small inoculum (example, fewer than 200 Shige/la for shigellosis) to a very big inoculum (example, 108 to Vibrio cholerae or Campylobacter organisms for GI tract infections). Host factors can too have a role. For illustration, however a million or more Salmonella organisms are essential for gastroenteritis to become established in a healthy person, only a few thousand organisms are essential in a person whose gastric pH is neutral. Congenital defects, immunodeficiency states amid other disease associated conditions might also raise a person’s susceptibility to the infection.

 

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