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  Brucellosis

Brucellosis:

The genus Brucella includes of a group of Gram negative bacilli which are pathogens of animals, mostly domestic animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs. Infection in pregnant animals leads to abortion. Participation of mammary glands leads to the excretion of brucella organism in milk for months or years. Human beings acquire the infection from milk or milk products.

Brucellosis is a usual zoonotic disease and it spreads from animal to man however it does not spread from man to man. Chills, Fever, sweating, malaise, weakness and different types of pains take place in man. Acute brucellosis causes intermittent or undulations of temperatures. Therefore this fever is also termed as undulant fever. However these kinds of symptoms do not take place in all the brucella infections and can be seen only in a few.

Brucellae are Gram negative bacilli and are too short that they look like cocci [i.e., coccobacilli]. They are non-capsulated, non-motile, and non-sporing. They are aerobes and grow fine in the existence of 5-10 percent carbon-dioxide. They survive in the soil and manure for a long time. They have been isolated from cheese, butter, and ice cream made from infected milk. They survive in pork, meat, and might remain viable after refrigeration for numerous weeks. They are killed in 10 minutes by temperature of 60οC and infected milk is safe for employ after Pasteurization.

There are three major species of Brucella and they vary in their animal host, some cultural and biological characters and in the quantity of two antigens which are common for the three. They are Brucella melitensis that infects goat and sheep, B. abortus that infects cattle and B.suis which infects pigs.

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