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  Types of ligands

Types of ligands:

Whenever a ligand is bound to a metal ion via single donor atom, with Cl-, H2O or NH3, then the ligand is said to be unidentate. Whenever a single coordinating group or ligand occupies two or more coordination place on similar central metal ions, a complex possessing a closed ring is made. Such ligands are termed as polydentate ligands. If a single ligand has two coordinating positions, it is termed as bidentate ligand and whenever there are three coordinating places available, it is termed as tridentate ligand and so on. For illustration, ethylenediamine is a bidentate ligand since it has two amino groups each of which can contribute a pair of electrons.

14_ligands.jpg

Name of the ligands:

Positive ligands:

The positive ligands are termed with an ending -ium.

NH2 - NH3+ hydrazinium

This ligand, however positive can bind via the uncharged nitrogen.

Neutral ligands:

The neutral ligands are termed as such without any special name. However water is written as ‘aqua: Ammonia is written as ammine. Remind that two m’s to distinguish from organic amine

CO-Carbonyl, NO-Nitrosyl, NH2- CH2 - CH2- NH2-ethylenediamine (en), Pyridine C5H5N.

Negative Ligands:

Negative ligands ending in suffix ‘O’.


Illustration:

F--Fluoro, Cl--Chloro, C2O42--Oxalato, CN--Cyano, NO2--Nitro,Br--Bromo, SO42--Sulphato, CHCOO--acetato CNS–-thiocyanato, NCS--isothiocyanato, S2O32--thiosulphato.

 

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