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  Phosphorus pentachloride

Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5:

Preparation:

Phosphorus pentachloride is generally prepared by the action of a surplus of chlorine on phosphorus trichloride.

PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5

Physical properties:

1. Phosphorus pentachloride is yellowish white crystalline solid.

2. It melts at 318 K under pressure and sublimes on heating at 473 K.

Chemical properties:

1. Phosphorus pentachloride separate on heating into phosphorus trichloride and chlorine.
PCl5 ↔ PCl3 + Cl2

2. It is violently hydrolyzed by water providing phosphorus oxychloride or phosphoric acid depending upon the amount of water.

3. It reacts with compounds having hydroxyl groups forming chloro derivatives. In all such cases, the hydroxyl group is substituted by chlorine.

C2H5OH + PCl5 → C2H5Cl + POCl3 + HCl
Ethyl Alcohol        Ethyl Chloride

4. It reacts with metals on heating to provide equivalent chlorides.

2Ag + PCl5 → 2 AgCl + PCl3

Structure:

PCl5 molecule comprises trigonal bipyramidal shape in vapor state that occurs from sp3d hybridization of phosphorus atom.

88_pcl5.jpg

 

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