Group 13 element-The Boron family:
The group 13(IIIA) elements are Boron, gallium, aluminium, indium and thallium.
1) Boron is a fairly rare element, accounting for only around 0.001% of the earth’s crust by mass.
2) Aluminium is the most significant of 13th group elements.
3) Gallium is extraordinary for its abnormally low melting point (i.e., 29.7°C) and hence generally exists as a liquid at room temperature. It’s most significant use is in making gallium arsenide. This is a semi conductor material used in the manufacture of diode lasers for laser printers, compact disc players and fiber optic communication devices.
4) Indium is also utilized in making semi conductor devices, like transistors and electrical resistance thermometers termed as thermistors.5) Thallium is tremendously toxic and has no commercial utilization.General Trends:
Electronic configurations: The common electronic configuration of the different elements of this family is ns2np1.
Table: Electronic configuration of group 13 elements
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