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  Krebs cycle

Krebs cycle:

In the year 1937, Sir Hans Adolf Krebs explained the catalytic role of pyruvic acid for the manufacture of energy in the cell. The chain of cyclic reactions including in converting pyruvic acid to carbondioxide and water in mitochondria is known as Krebs cycle. It is as well termed as citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle – TCA cycle.

A. In the 1st reaction of citric acid cycle, one molecule of acetyl Co~A joints with oxaloacetic acid to create citric acid. This reaction is catalyzed through citric acid synthetase. Citric acid comprises three carboxylic acid groups.

B. Citric acid is dehydrated to create cis-aconitic acid in the existence of aconitase

C. Similar enzyme aconitase catalyzes the creation of isocitric acid from cis-aconitic acid by the addition of a molecule of water. Citric acid, cis-aconitic acid and isocitric acid comprise 3 carboxylic acid groups.

D. The isocitric acid is oxidatively decarboxylated to-ketoglutaric acid. This reaction is catalyzed through isocitric dehydrogenase.  Throughout this reaction, one NADH2 is created.

E. The-ketoglutaric acid is oxidatively decarboxylated to create succinyl Co~A. This reaction is catalyzed through-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase. The energy released throughout this reaction is preserved in NADH2.

F. The succinyl Co~A is hydrolysed to succinic acid in the existence of succinyl Co-A synthetase. In this reaction, ADP is phosphorylated to ATP. This is termed as substrate level phosphorylation.

G. The succinic acid is oxidized to create fumaric acid through succinic dehydrogenase. Here, FAD+ is reduced to FADH.

H. The fumaric acid is converted to malic acid through the addition of a molecule of water. This reaction is catalyzed through fumarase.

I. The malic acid is oxidized to oxaloacetic acid through the enzyme malic dehydrogenase. now,  NAD+ is reduced to NADH .

 

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