Auxins

Auxins

It was the first plant hormone that is to be discovered. They were isolated primarily from human urine. The term auxin is provided to usually IAA and another natural and synthetic compound comprising identical structure and growth regulating properties. Usually, auxins are generated in the growing apices of stem and root in which from they migrate to the other parts of the plant. Auxins like IAA and phenyl acetic acid (PAA) are natural auxins. Synthetic auxins are chemicals that are synthesised in the laboratory. They are referred as plant growth regulators. For example Naphthalene acetic acid, 2, 4 – Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.

Physiological effects of auxin:

1. Auxins are famous to help elongation of stem and coleoptile. It supports the growth via cell enlargement in stems, specifically through elongation of cells behind the apical meristem.

2. Growth in lateral bud is inhibited while the apical bud of a tall plant stays intact. Though, the lateral bud grows fast on removal of apical bud.

3. Suppression of growth in lateral bud through apical bud because of auxin generated by apical bud is known as apical dominance. The reason for this is because of auxin generated in growing tip and it stimulates growth but when it moves downward, suppresses growth in the stems below.

4. Auxin is accountable for initiation and promotion of cell division in cambium that is accountable for the secondary growth. This property of induction of cell division has been exploited for tissue culture processes and for the creation of callus.

5. Auxin promotes growth of root just only at very low concentrations. At higher concentrations, it all the time inhibits growth of root.

6. While leaves and fruits mature, they shed from the stem. This is known as abscission. Auxin prevents abscission.

7. Seedless fruits are generated in tomato and apple, through external application of auxin on flowers. Such types of seedless fruits are known as parthenocarpic fruits.

8. 2,4 – Dichlorophenoxy aceticacid, a synthetic auxin is employed to eradicate weeds in the field.

 

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