General features of Tape worms

General features of Tape worms:

Tapeworms lead a complex developmental life, and most of the species have one or more intermediate host in which the larval stages lives. Adult tape worms are gutless flatworms which absorb nutrient directly via the integument. The tape worm is made up of chain of segments. The primary segment is termed as the head or scolex. It has specialized structures termed as suckers.

Such suckers are in some species armed with hooks to anchor the worm to the host’s intestinal wall. The scolex is as well germinal center from which all other segments occur. A tape worm segment is termed as proglottid. Close to the neck of the scolex the proglottids are sexually immature; in the middle of the chain they are sexually functional mature proglottids and at ending of the chain they are mere sacs of eggs termed as gravid proglottids.

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Figure: Taenia solium

Geographic distribution:

Taenia solium infections take place in countries where pigs are increased, sanitation is poor and pork or pork products are eaten raw or under-cooked. It is endemic all through Latin America, South East Asia, tropical Africa, and in the Indian subcontinent.

Life cycle and transmission:

The adult tapeworm, around 10 feet in length, lives in the human small intestine. Eggs and gravid proglottids are conceded with the faeces. The pig eats food contaminated with human faeces and ingests the eggs. The oncosphere hatches from the egg and comes in the blood system enroute to the muscles and other tissues where a fully generated cysticercus matures in 2 or 3 months. The pig might be so heavily infected that its meat looks as if it was seeded with translucent bladders, a circumstance termed as measly pork. Whenever a man eats pork and three months later he gets a complete worm. The worms can live for up to 25 years.

 

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